| With the continuous exploitation and utilization of non-renewable traditional energy sources such as fossil energy,energy is becoming more and more scarce.Therefore,scholars from all over the world are investing in the development of new energy sources.However,new energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy are widely used.There are many restrictions on the environment,weather and geography,so more and more scholars are beginning to study the most common vibrational energy in life,especially the railway track with huge vibration energy.On the other hand,it can also be collected.Power is used to power devices such as wireless sensors on both sides of the track.In order to collect the vibration energy at the track,the scholars mainly use piezoelectric,electromagnetic and magnetostrictive technologies,but through research,it is found that the same device is installed in different positions of the track,the amount of electrical energy converted is different,that is,the installation position is also Play a role.Therefore,the energy harvesting devices installed at various positions of rail rails and sleepers developed by scholars from various countries are studied and the advantages and disadvantages are compared.It is determined that the energy harvesting device designed in this paper is installed at the fasteners that directly bear large loads and have relatively simple structure.,using magnetostrictive materials for energy conversion.The following are several aspects of the research:Firstly,the force analysis of the rail is carried out.and the vibration differential equation of the rail-fastener is built.The correction integral method is used to solve the fastener reaction force,and the maximum value is 30.The magnetostrictive material is selected and its characteristics are introduced.Based on the model,the Villarreal effect is combined and improved according to the actual working condition of the magnetostrictive material at the track fastener.The mathematical model of the fastener-energy collecting device is built to obtain the magnetization and magnetic field strength.And the relationship of stress;finally,the relational expressions of the above two sets of models are substituted into the formula of induced electromotive force,and the coupled vibration model of the rail-fastener-energy collection device is obtained.Then,the type of fastener used on the ballastless track of Shanghai-Hangzhou high-speed railway is taken as the research object,and the overall structure of the energy collecting device mounted on the fastener is designed and optimized for its key components,including the installation position of the sheet and the permanent magnet.Design of magnetic field,coil bobbin,induction coil,magnetically conductive housing and external circuit.The software was used to simulate and analyze the optimized energy harvesting device,and the curves of induced electromotive force and output power were obtained,and the maximum values were 330V and 3.7W,respectively.In order to verify whether the energy harvesting device can meet the power supply requirements of the wireless sensor,the energy generated by the energy collecting device and the energy consumed by the wireless sensor are respectively calculated to be 138.7 J and 24.36 J,respectively,so that the power supply requirement can be met.Finally,the device was made into a physical object,and an experimental platform was established to study it.After applying a fastener reaction force that is scaled down by 1:360 on the energy harvesting device,the energy harvesting device converts the vibrational energy into electrical energy and collects and stores it through an external circuit.The induced electromotive force curve obtained by the experiment is basically consistent with the result of the simulation reduction,indicating that the established theoretical model can reflect the working characteristics of the designed energy harvesting device. |
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