| Chinese residential buildings have different forms and have a long history.They represent the ancient heritage of oriental architecture culture.In recent years,the rapid development of the economy has accelerated the urbanization.Many traditional buildings have disappeared with the demolition of villages,which has already aroused the great attention of the government and the society.It has become a consensus to protect valuable traditional buildings and retain the context of the development.Shijiagou village in the south of Shanxi Pro’vince is a traditional village with unique environment and architecture.Compared with other caves in the north,the characteristic of the cave in Shijiagou is extremely vivid.Firstly,the buildings and the natural environment reflect the harmony and nature in the spatial combination of the village.Secondly,it presents the centripetal composition of the spatial form,and the buildings are differentiated clearly.What’s more,the layout is cohesive from the inside out.Thirdly,the buildings appear a monolithic decentralized layout,own plentiful courtyard architectural space,have a prominent space environment patriarchal etiquette concept,and hold an abundant cultural connotation.This is the typical blood settlement village.Fourthly,the set of traffic line adapts to the local conditions,and the street layout,accompanied with suitable scale,is staggered naturally.Fifthly,the decoration of building component blends the multi-style in all regions of Shanxi with a unique shape and the exquisite craft.After preliminary collection and sorting out of the research literature on Shijiagou residential houses,the author finds that the research is mainly focused on the structure,decoration and protection of the architecture,and is less involved in the specific discussion and research in spatial form.The research on the layout of villages,the constitutive elements of spatial organization form,the overall spatial form and the spatial form of monolithic courtyard remains to be deepened.This paper takes spatial form of cave in Fenxi county as the object of the study,and takes the local natural,artificial and social environment as the research clues.Through several methods including data collection,analysis,on-the-spot investigation,visit and so on,the paper teases out constitutive elements of the spatial form of the village and focuses on the relationship between the formation and development of building groups of cave dwellings,the local natural environment and human history.It also carries out a more detailed investigation into the main buildings,sorts main architectural decorative components,and studies its aesthetic implication.The paper is characterized by an in-depth discussion about the influence of local history,culture and economic factors on the environment of cave dwelling and architectural layout.It has carried out a sub-section study not only about the traffic lines of villages,the form of architectural clusters and the characteristics of typical courtyard structure,but also about the decorative features and patterns,the materials and technology,the interior interfaced decoration and the furnishings.The aesthetic implication in its environmental composition is refined,and the elements of the environmental pattern of traditional kiln-dwelling villages are summarized.Finally,the paper summarizes the contemporary significance of the cave of Shijiagou from the theoretical significance,practical significance and social significance.Furthermore,it probes into the new direction and new way to protect and develop the cave of Shijiagou and reviews the research contents,process and methods.The paper can provide some references to the planning and development of similar villages in the north of China. |
