The Research Of Sustainable Design Of Residential Buildings Based On System Ecology

It can now be proved that the building is an open system which is far away from thermodynamic equilibrium.Given the number of people living on earth today,their shelters--buildings--have long been an important part of the ecosystem.System ecology is an ecological discipline,its study object is the nature of ecosystem and tries to reveal its essence through system theory.What this thesis focuses on is "architectural design in the ecosystem",which tries to review and even understand the relationship between architecture,people and nature again from the perspective of system ecology,so as to provide new ideas and methods for future work of architectural design.The real architects,who can also be called thinkers,can see the whole and the parts and the relationship between them after receiving formal architectural training.However,the previous training was based on the spatial arrangement of Euclidean geometry,material,structure or certain aesthetic quality,so it was often deficient in energy,biological ecology,social economy and other aspects.In the past hundred years,some excellent designers have been engaged in the troops of transformation,carrying out bold experiments on the techniques and forms of architecture,which indeed have brought profound influences.However,looking back to previous times,the revolution in modern architecture is too susceptible to new technologies,and today's buildings have to rely heavily on machinery in building and operation.Modern architecture is not only a "machine for living",but also a "machine" to producing pollution and waste.So,designers might be able to go in a different direction,one without the roar and smoke.The plight facing humanity today is unprecedented in known history.Architecture is not only one of the most important social practices of human beings,but also a comprehensive subject worthy of in-depth study and development.When existing building methods are limited,it helps to introduce theoretical methods from other disciplines.This thesis uses the energy system language in ecology to help elaborate the system principle in architecture,and combines the theories of various disciplines with the universality of thermodynamics.Three leverage points of sustainable architectural design can be found and elaborated on multiple scales by following the three laws of thermodynamics:The first lever is efficiency,which largely limits the effectiveness of building systems.Although more efficient conversions can reduce waste,maximum power can be achieved at moderate efficiency,so waste must be accepted in certain forms and total waste consumption was designed at various scales.The second lever is the use of concentrated,environmentally friendly resources in the building.Reducing or eliminating costly upstream resources is often effective,but the use of high-intensity resources such as plastics,electricity and information can boost overall prosperity,which requires designers to think more carefully about how these resources are used.The third lever is the material,the building itself and the local environment.The longer the life of the building and its components,the more services it can provide,but there is increasing continuous waste production and increasing use of disposable products during the moving cycle conflict with long-lived buildings.Therefore,the durability and service life of buildings need to be designed to meet the changes of characteristic cycle.All these three points are issues of balance,scale and proportion in a complex self-organizing system,which requires designers to recognize the dynamic patterns of the built environment that evolve over time and learn to take advantage of them.