The Survey On The Suitable Plants Of Highway Slope And Landscape Optimum Design In Henan Province

Highway is described as "a net that binds the earth".Today,with the deepening of urbanization,the network is weaving more and more densely.In the process of highway construction,a large number of damaged slope interfaces are formed due to high filling and deep excavation,which poses a huge threat to the landscape ecological security along the highway.Due to the particularity of the site conditions of the slope,despite the improvement of the highway maintenance system,there are still many problems affecting the highway landscape construction and sustainable development.Therefore,how to make the slope achieve the dual improvement of landscape benefits and ecological benefits is particularly important.The improvement of landscape benefit can not be separated from the optimization of slope landscape design,and the improvement of ecological benefit can not be separated from the rational selection of slope plants.Based on the literature review on plant selection and landscape design of highway slopes at home and abroad,this paper clarifies the direction and key points of plant selection and landscape design of highway slopes at present,and then combines the project “Research and Demonstration on Key Technologies of Landscape Greenbelt Resources Integration and Ecological Management and Control in Henan Province” to study the plant selection and landscape optimization design of highway slope in Henan Province.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)By investigating and analyzing the slope types,slope protection types,slope direction,slope gradient,plant species,coverage and growth types of 282 slope sample plots in ten ecological types of Expressway in Henan Province,202 species or varieties of plants on highway slope in Henan Province are found,which belong to 64 families and 171 genera.The plant species of higher frequency are: Amorpha fruticosa Linn.,Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.,Melia azedarach L.,Ulmus pumila L.,Ailanthus altissima(Mill.)Swingle,Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.,Broussonetia papifera(Linn.)L'H R.Vent.,Vitex Tex negundo L.var.cannabifolia(Sieb.et Zucc.)Hand.-Mazz.),Festuca elata Keng ex E.Alexeev,Parthenocissus quinquefolia(L.)Planch.(2)By using AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,the plant landscape of the slope was evaluated comprehensively.According to the principle of maximum membership degree,the dominant plant allocation forms of the slope under different site conditions in each ecological type area were screened out.(3)According to the comprehensive evaluation results of plant landscape of slope in different ecological types and different site conditions in different ecological types,80 plant landscape allocation schemes such as elm-bauhinia + vitex-saxifraga + whiteheaded Pulsatilla + Taihangju(sunny slope),Luanshu-Henan Begonia + hibiscus –argyrophylla + tall fescue(shady slope)were made.Based on the arrangement of plant resources and the investigation of plant communities on highway slopes in Henan Province,this paper strives to select more suitable plants for the plant communities on highway slopes in Henan Province,and designs more reasonable plant landscape allocation models,which can provide reference for the later maintenance or newly designed artificial communities of highways,and then promotes the ecological health and sustainable development of highway in the province.