Comparative Study On Spatial Pattern Of Oasis Rural Settlements In Southern And Northern Xinjiang

Under the background of the implementation of the national rural revitalization strategy,issues such as Xinjiang's three rural issues,urban and rural planning,new rural construction,and land remediation have received great attention from all walks of life.Research on rural settlements in Xinjiang has become a hot topic in academic circles.Xinjiang Oasis rural settlement is a combination of natural,human,social and economic history development in Xinjiang,which has a significant impact on local social and economic development and environmental quality.Xinjiang has a vast territory.Tianshan Mountains divides Xinjiang into two parts: northern Xinjiang and southern Xinjiang.Due to different natural environment and humanities and social conditions,the spatial pattern of rural settlements in northern Xinjiang and southern Xinjiang has certain links and differences.This paper analyzes the spatial pattern difference and relationship between the rural settlements in northern Xinjiang and southern Xinjiang in the Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture and the Ugan-Kuqa River Oasis.Using the average nearest neighbor index,geographic concentration index,Searel coefficient,trend surface analysis and nuclear density analysis,spatial correlation index,landscape pattern index method,etc.the spatial distribution characteristics and scale characteristics of rural settlements in Bortala and Ugan-Kuqa Oasis were compared and analyzed.And morphological characteristics,finally using GIS spatial overlay analysis,buffer analysis,etc.From the aspects of ecological conditions,living conditions and production conditions,the influencing factors of the spatial pattern of rural settlements in Bortala and Ugan-Kuqa are analyzed,and the research area is proposed.Problems in rural settlements and their optimization suggestions.research shows:(1)In terms of spatial distribution,from the perspective of agglomeration,the concentration of rural settlements in the Ugan-Kuqa is lower than that in Bortala,but it is generally characterized by agglomeration;from the perspective of distribution differences and balance,the Ugan-Kuqa Oasis village The spatial distribution of settlements is larger than that of Bortala,and the distribution uniformity is low and the space is unbalanced.In the nuclear density analysis,the density of rural settlements in Bortala is small overall,while the population density of the Ugan-Kuqa village is higher than that of Bortala.Two high-density areas are formed,one is located in the Jinghe Basin,close to the water source,the terrain is flat,the resources are abundant,and the economic development prospect is broad.The other high-density area is located in the east of the hot spring county,and is located near the river main channel and the road.It is characterized by the distribution of ?middle and small sparse,west high and low east”.The Ugan-Kuqa formed three high-density areas,all of which were located in the Ugan-Kuqa River Oasis.They all showed a trend of “ high-nuclear-concentric circle ”,and the overall distribution was characterized by a high north and a low south.The analysis shows that the number of rural settlements in Bortala has a positive "U" shape in the north and south,increasing from the central to the north and south,and there is no obvious trend in the east-west direction.The number of rural settlements in the Ugan-Kuqa is obviously “U”-shaped in the north-south direction,decreasing from the central to the north-south,east-west and high in the east-west direction,but the trend is not obvious.From the point of view of plaque density,Bortala has a flat upward trend in the north and south.In the east-west direction,the east is low and the west is high,and the trend is more obvious.The Ugan-Kuqa is obviously inverted "U".(2)In terms of scale characteristics,the advantageous rural settlements in Bortala are more obvious,and the polarization of rural settlement population is more obvious.The advantage of the Ugan-Kuqa rural settlement is not obvious.The gap between the large-scale population and the smallest scale of the rural settlement is smaller than that of Bortala;the scale of rural settlements in Bortala has obvious agglomeration characteristics,and the scale of the settlement of the Ugan-Kuqa village also has cluster characteristics,and the significance is lower than that.In general Bortala,the scale of rural settlements in Bortala and Ugan-Kuqa Oasis is low-value gathering.From a local point of view,the scale of the rural settlements in Bortala Oasis is generally ?medium and high,and low?,and the trend of scale of ?things are decreasing?.There is only one ?hot spot? area,?compact range? and ?cold spot? area.?Dispersion is not concentrated?;the rural settlements in the Ugan-Kuqa Oasis as a whole are ?high in the middle and low in the surrounding area?,which is characterized by a ?fan-shaped radial? trend.The ?hot spot? of the scale is ?single-core-concentrated? and ?small in size?.The "cold spot area" is characterized by a "dual-core-compact" distribution.(3)In terms of morphological characteristics,the plaque pattern of the rural settlements in Bortala Oasis is more complicated than that of the plaques,and the plaques in the rural settlements are more complicated and irregular.The connectivity and stability of rural settlements in Bortala and Yu-Ku Oasis are relatively high.The distribution patterns of rural settlements in Bortala Oasis show ?aggregate-non-uniform? distribution,?agglomerate-uniform? distribution and along the road.The linear beaded "distribution" distribution,the Ugan-Kuqa is a "stripe type" distribution.(4)In terms of influencing factors,the rural settlements in Bortala and Ugan-Kuqa Oasis are distributed in the lower elevation range,and the distribution is concentrated.As the elevation increases,the distribution of rural settlements in Bortala and Ugan-Kuqa Oasis is more dispersed.The distance between rural settlements is also getting farther and farther,and the intensity is rapidly decreasing.In terms of slope impact,the slope has a negative correlation with the distribution of rural settlements.With the increase of slope,the distribution of rural settlements shows a decreasing trend.Most of the rural settlements in Bortala are distributed in the trumpet-like valleys and slope-salt plains of Bortala.In the alluvial plains,most of the rural settlements in the Ugan-Kuqa are distributed in the piedmont alluvial-salt fan.In terms of aspect effect,the number of plaques in rural settlements in Bortala is more in the direction of the east slope,and the area of rural settlement plaques is the largest,and the settlements of the Ugan-Kuqa villages are more distributed in the direction of the south slope.In terms of rivers,the influence of rivers on the spatial pattern of rural settlements in Bortala and Ugan-Kuqa is significant.The distance between the settlements of Bortala and Ugan-Kuqa villages is negatively correlated with the number and area of rural settlements.On the road impact,the scale of Bortala settlements is slower with the decreasing distance of the roads,and the declining trend of the reservoirs is obvious.The spatial pattern of rural settlements stimulates the improvement of the road network,and the convenient road network promotes the distribution of spatial forms of rural settlements.The number and area of rural settlements in Bortala and Ugan-Kuqa did not show a decreasing trend with the increase of distance from the county,but fluctuated.In social and economic aspects,the population and economic industrial structure affected the spatial pattern of rural settlements in Bortala.The main factors affecting the spatial pattern of rural settlements in the Ugan-Kuqa warehouse are the status of agricultural development and the degree of urbanization.