Study On The Spatial Characteristics Of Coastal Defense Fortresses Of Guangdong In Ming Dynasty

In the Ming Dynasty,a complete coastal defense system was constructed for the first time,forming a coastal defense fortresses centered on the guard towns.It was also the last time that a large-scale fortification movement took place in ancient China.As the southern gate of the Ming Dynasty,Guangdong is one of the five garrison areas in the early Ming Dynasty and formed a settlement system with 8 acropolis towns and 29 thousand-household towns.This paper adopts the research methods of mutual verification between literature and existing examples,statistics and comparative analysis.It analyzes the obvious or metaphorical rules of spatial layout,scale and grade,planning method and spatial shape and structure of the settlements of Guangdong sea defense institute systematically,integrally and theoretically for the first time from the perspective of military and system.The main work is as follows:(1)The spatial layout of the garrison settlement is a comprehensive result of military,political,economic and other factors.It formed a macro military deployment pattern with linear characteristics of the surrounding guard towns,military and administration correspondence,and distance correlation,and it had a medium strategic position of great importance and micro geographic entity of military character.(2)The scale of the city represents the military force and reflects the military level.Through statistical analysis of a large number of data,it is found that the scale of Guangdong costal defense institute has certain modulus characteristics.Compared with the inland guard towns and the ordinary counties,it is concluded that guard towns in Guangdong were equivalent to the level of county,and the scale of coastal defense guard towns were more concentrated.(3)It was a inheritance and development of the square grid system of the well field for the planning method of coastal defense guard towns in Ming Dynasty.The planning method could be applied for a fast construction and unified planning of the guard towns and reflected the city construction thoughts of Ming Dynasty.(4)Two core functional systemsmilitary space and sacrificial space are analyzed.First,through the various records and existing examples,military space is analyzed and summarized in this paper about the characteristics of military elements such as urban defense engineering,military deployment,education field and barracks from the aspects of spatial orientation,functional composition,scale and plane shape and system.Then sacrifice space of the costal defense system is stated in this paper.Then sacrifice space can be divided into altar,institution temple,military temple and folk temple,and the properties of each type,spatial orientation and morphological characteristics are discussed,which is a comprehensive reflection about the attributes of the city,and political demands,the nature of the military,and the above build a unique belief system of costal defense guard towns.In a word,coastal defense fortresses in the Ming Dynasty show the remarkable characteristics of military defense as well as the shape and system of the city.Taking the grid planning method as the core of settlement form,coastal defense fortresses is a kind of military city parallel to prefectural level,which reflects the highly unified system of the Ming Dynasty in spatial form.This paper focuses on revealing the spatial characteristics and internal structure of the coastal defense institute settlements,so as to provide theoretical basis for relevant research and settlement protection.