The Research On The Traditional Living Space Of The Northeast Fishing And Hunting Ethnic Groups

The ethnicity of fishing and hunting,who lived for generations in history by fishing,hunting and plucking,created a series of fishing and hunting cultures with unique regional or national characteristics in the long historical development,forming a narrow and long “Northern Fishing and Hunting Cultural Belt” composed of pure nationalities or cultures in fishing and hunting.And it is also the only largest and most complete cultural distribution area of fishing and hunting in China.Hezhe,Oroqen and Ewenki nationalities are the main representatives in Northeast China.Their population are small and life style have changed from traditional habitation to settling down the hill.This has led to the disappearance of the characteristic habitation pattern of traditional living space of fishing and hunting nationalities,and the endangerment of intangible cultural heritage.Therefore,it is imperative that the protection and regeneration for the traditional settlements of fishing and hunting ethnic groups in Northeast Cold Area.This paper taking the Hezhe,Oroqen and Ewenki as the specific research objects,and adopts the cross-disciplinary research methods of anthropology and sociology.On the basis of collecting a large number of historical data,on-the-spot investigations and interviews.Cognition for settlement patterns based on self-organization theory of complex system evolution.In addition,this paper analyzes the key parameters influencing the formation of traditional settlement of fishing and hunting ethnic groups,and expounds respectively the natural environment,social economy and cultural customs of the three ethnic groups.Based on the research results of the above-mentioned parametric variables affecting the national settlement space,the spatial structure and the cultural space of the traditional “loitering” of fishing and hunting nationalities are excavated from two aspects of material culture and nonmaterial culture by the way of graphical.The excavation for the prototype of traditional residential space structure mainly combines the prototype theory to illustrate the prototype of living landscape based on the relationship between human and nature from the macro-dimension;to illustrate the prototype of production and settlement based on the family-ethnic relationship from the meso-dimension of human and society;and to illustrate the prototype of life living based on constitution individual with family from the micro-dimension of human and family.For the excavation of traditional inhabited cultural space,five functions of complex system evolution theory such as core,power,support,boundary and selfreplication are introduced.The intangible culture is transformed into the tangible spatial model by the transformation of intangible cultural heritage from the concept of cultural space.starting from the three aspects of individual,group and family,this paper respectively excavates the ritual cultural space formed by Shamanism,the artistic cultural space formed by bonfire dancing and social intercourse,and the living cultural space formed by handicraft deduction,thus extracting the "spatial model" and mechanism of each cultural space.