A Study On The Base Site Of Large Housing Construction In Qin And Han Dynasties In Guanzhong Region

Since the unification of Qin and Han Dynasties,the earliest multi-ethnic unified country in Chinese history has been established,which has a profound impact on all aspects of society.Qin and Han Dynasties is an important period in the development of history,and also an important period in the development of ancient large housing construction.On the one hand,it continues the characteristics of ancient Chinese architecture formed in pre-Qin architecture,on the other hand,it constantly explores new architectural forms suitable for the unified empire and centralized system.In this paper,the Guanzhong area Qin and Han Dynasty large-scale building site as the research object,through the careful sorting of its type and structure,to explore the evolution of architectural form,and explore the social and historical factors behind it.Through the analysis,function and grade are the core factors that affect the choice of large-scale building form,and the improvement and development of centralized system and related social ideas are the most important motivation behind the evolution of large-scale building form.This paper is divided into five chapters:The first chapter is the introduction.Define the research object and related concepts;sort out the previous research and current situation of the research object;introduce the significance,methods and innovation of this study.The second chapter is the preliminary arrangement of building site data.By the end of December 2019,this paper has collected a total of 59 large-scale houses with clear and relatively complete data that were used in the Qin and Han Dynasties in Guanzhong area and have been excavated or explored by archaeology.It can be divided into five groups: Pre Qin,Qin,early Western Han,middle and late Western Han,and Xinmang.The third chapter is the typology research of large-scale building.According to the complex material characteristics of the large-scale building base structure and the different scale(degree of exposure)of related archaeological work,the large-scale building base is divided into rooms,room combinations,platform bases,courtyards and other different levels for typology analysis by using typology research methods flexibly.The fourth chapter is the evolution rule and reason analysis of large-scale building.Based on the analysis of the initial construction age and typology,we can investigate the evolution of the shape of the large-scale building site.For example,the room is raised from semi basement to ground;the room combination is concentrated from various types of rooms to the relatively independent central building;the platform base is changed from the overall multi-storey high platform base to the independent low platform base of the central building;the courtyard layout is developed from the unknown scope without enclosure to the closed structure with enclosure walls and even partition walls.These changes can be summed up as the overall evolution law of large-scale building site characterized by the changes of horizontal and vertical dimensions.Then combining with the functional nature of the building,this paper analyzes the evolution characteristics of different types of buildings,such as palace buildings,ritual buildings,official buildings,storage buildings,and so on.It can be said that the function and grade factors are the key to the shape selection of large-scale buildings.Chapter five is the conclusion.