Study On Accessibility And Equity Of Land Transportation In Henan Province

As a hub of geographic space and social economy,transportation has a guiding,supporting and guaranteeing role for regional development.At the same time,as the main contradictions in our country change,people start pay attention to transportation equity.Henan Province,as a transportation and population province,attaches great importance to transportation development.Taking Henan Province as a research area,this paper complements the 2015 land transportation network and resident population data and use the cost-weighted distance method to calculate the traffic accessibility of 18 prefecture cities,159 counties,and 2008 townships respectively.Besides,the paper start from both supply and demand and use the coupling degree method to calculate traffic accessibility and population density coupling degree,then study the three-scale transportation equity.The following conclusions are obtained through study:(1)Through study on the land traffic accessibility of Henan Province,we can see that: First,the level of traffic accessibility has a strong scale dependence.And the proportion of regions within the 3-hour metropolitan area at different scales is different,but 70% of the areas are still within the 3-hour metropolitan area at all scales,which basically meets the transportation requirements of Henan Province.The 18 samples at the prefecture city scale are all within the 3-hour metropolitan area.90.57% of the 159 samples at the county scale are within the 3-hour metropolitan area.Only 70.27% of the 2008 samples at the township scale are within the 3-hour metropolitan area,which needs to be improved.Second,the number of prefecture cities with high accessibility,second-highest,medium,and low levels on the scale of prefecture cities are 7,7,1,and 3 respectively.There is no extremely low level of accessibility,and accessibility levels are mostly high and second highest levels.The proportion of counties on the county scale at five levels is 24.53%,35.22%,20.75%,10.06%,9.43%.And accessibility levels are mostly medium and above.The proportion of townships at five levels on the township scale is 10.01%,33.57%,26.69%,15.89%,13.84%.The accessibility level is mostly the second highest and medium level,and the proportion of low accessibility and very low level areas is also large.Third,the traffic accessibility level of municipal districts is generally higher than that of other counties.Fourth,in terms of spatial distribution,no matter what scale,the land transportation accessibility of Henan Province shows a spatial pattern of “one core,two axes and multiple layers”,and the circle structure is obvious."One core" is a growth pole centered on Zhengzhou;"two axes" refers to the Beijing-Guangzhou line and the Longhai line;"multiple layers" means that the land transportation accessibility in Henan Province forms a three-layer,four-layer,and five-layer spatial structure at prefecture cities,counties,and townships.The accessibility level gradually decreases from the center to the periphery.Areas with high levels of accessibility are concentrated in areas along the core growth pole and the main transportation axis,and are distributed in a "+" shape.Areas with low accessibility and very low levels are mainly concentrated in the periphery of Henan Province.On the prefecture city scale,the boundaries between high and second highest level are not obvious.At the county scale,the boundaries between low and very low levels are not obvious,and at the township scale,the boundaries between the five levels are obvious.(2)Through study on the land transportation equity in Henan Province,we can see that: First,on the whole,the land transportation equity in Henan Province is extremely high at the prefecture city scale,all of which are high fairness.On the county scale,40.25% of the counties reached the level of basic fairness and above,of which high fairness and basic fairness accounted for 11.95% and 28.30%,respectively,and 59.75% of the counties are unfair.There are many unfair counties.88.99% of townships on the township scale reached basic fairness and above.Among them,high fairness and basic fairness accounted for 4.82% and 84.17% respectively.In addition,unfair townships accounted for 11.01%,and there are more basic fairness townships.Second,in terms of spatial distribution,the distribution pattern of fairness is different at different scales.On the county scale,highly fair counties are mostly distributed in central Henan province,all of which are municipal jurisdictions.Basic fair counties are mostly distributed in the central,eastern and northern marginal areas and southern Nanyang,and they are mostly municipal jurisdictions and plain areas.Unfair counties are distributed in the western,northern,southern and eastern counties,mainly in mountainous areas,hills and eastern plains.At the township scale,the spatial layout is similar to the population density and topography distribution,and the distribution of highly fair townships is scattered and mostly concentrated in and around county town.Basic fair towns are distributed in northern,central and eastern Henan and southern Nanyang,mostly in plain areas.Unfair townships are mainly in the northern,western and southern fringe areas,mostly mountainous and hilly.Third,areas with basic fairness and above are divided into two types: high-accessibility and high-population density,low-accessibility and low-population density.The former is concentrated in the northern and central and eastern parts of Henan Province at the prefecture city and township scale,and in the central and eastern fringe areas at the county scale,mostly in plain areas,with developed economy,and complete public service facilities.There are high accessibility and dense population.The latter are distributed at the prefecture city scale in the west and south of Henan Province,at the township scale in the western fringe area and south of Nanyang,and at the county scale in the south of Nanyang,in mountainous and hilly areas.Due to affected by terrain and resource environment,the population density and accessibility level are both low.Fourth,at the country and township scales,unfair areas can be divided into two types: high-accessibility and low-population density,low-accessibility and high-density density.The former is mainly distributed around the high-accessibility and high-population density type,forming a population collapsed area,the population density is reduced,and it is mostly in the plain area.At the same time,under the influence of high-accessibility and high-population density areas,the accessibility level is high,and the coupling degree is low.The latter is distributed in the west and south of Henan Province.It has a lower population density than the central region,but due to the influence of terrain and boundary effects,the accessibility level is very low,which is insufficient to match its population density,and the coupling level is low.