Research On Path Planning Of Fire Emergency Evacuation Intelligent System

With the continuous development and progress of the society,modern building structures are gradually becoming larger and more complex,and people pay more and more attention to fire safety.As the most important part of the fire protection system,the emergency evacuation system has also developed rapidly.However,the traditional static evacuation system has a relatively solid indication path and cannot provide real-time information about the fire.Sometimes incorrect instructions can even lead people to areas where fires are severe and cause serious casualties.Therefore,a fire emergency evacuation intelligent system capable of intelligently planning an evacuation path based on real-time fire information emerges.Evacuation path planning is one of the core technologies of the fire emergency evacuation intelligent system.A good escape path can shorten the escape time,improve the escape efficiency and reduce the loss of people and property.This article first briefly introduces the influencing factors of fire evacuation,fire emergency evacuation intelligent system architecture and common path planning algorithms.The two path planning algorithms are improved according to the path planning features of the guide signs and evacuation schematic diagram in the fire emergency evacuation intelligent system.An improved bidirectional A~* algorithm with multiple starting points and multiple exits is used based on the characteristics of the guidance sign path planning.By combining the real-time information of the fire field and the cost of path turning,the evaluation function and search strategy of the A~* algorithm were improved and the improved A~* algorithm was simulated and analyzed.The simulation results show that the improved A * algorithm has fewer search areas and path turns and has a higher calculation efficiency.At the same time,it avoids the fire-affected area,ensuring the safe and rapid evacuation of evacuees.The next,the improved A~* algorithm was applied to the calculation of the three-dimensional floor guide signs,which verified its effectiveness and feasibility.An improved ant colony algorithm with single starting point and multiple exits is used according to the path planning characteristics of the dynamic evacuation diagram.The ant colony algorithm's initial pheromone distribution,heuristic function,transition probability,pheromone update rule,and volatility coefficient were improved,and the improved ant colony algorithm was simulated and analyzed.Simulation results show that the improved ant colony algorithm has better global search ability,higher success rate,more stable and faster convergence performance,shorter and smoother search path distance.As the size of the map increases,its search efficiency advantage gradually becomes apparent.At the same time,the area affected by the fire can be avoided and the evacuation efficiency is improved while ensuring the safe escape of the evacuees.The next,the improved ant colony algorithm was applied to the path planning of the three-dimensional floor evacuation schematic diagram,which verified its effectiveness and feasibility.Finally,Pathfinder personnel evacuation simulation software was used to carry out the floor crowd evacuation simulation experiment.The validity and practicability of the evacuation paths planned by the algorithm in this paper are further verified.