The Equity Of Urban Parks Based On Group Difference

In the process of China's rapid urbanization in the past few decades,the land is constantly expanding outward with the population explosion,and the urban ecological space is in a state of constant encroachment and compression.Rapid urbanization focuses on development efficiency and lacks care for the society,which leads to the widening gap between the rich and the poor,the competition between local people and foreigners,the differentiation of living spaces,the "low-end population" of cities and other social equity issues,which seriously affects the sustainable development of the society.Regarded as a kind of important but limited public resources,urban parks provide leisure,communication,and social networking sites,meanwhile play an important role on people's mental and physical health.However,urban parks show increasingly unfair and unjust phenomenon with the "Matthew effect".With the accumulation of the history and the path dependence,the gap between the unfair and the fair is widening.The allocation of urban parks involves people's personal well-being and affects people's health level,and it is more necessary to adhere to the value orientation of fairness and justice.In the period of social transformation in China,it is necessary to further return to the humanistic perspective,adhere to the core values of equity and justice in urban planning,deepen the relationship between people and green space,and pay attention to the green space equity for the disadvantaged populations.Based on China's actual national conditions and social concerns,this paper selects two comparative groups of people to study the equity of urban parks,namely permanent residents vs.temporary residents,high-income groups vs.low-income groups.The following three problems are to be solved:Which group is the vulnerable group in the accessibility of urban parks?What are the quantitative differences in the accessibility of urban parks among groups?What are the spatial differences in the accessibility of urban parks among different groups?According to a wholesome literature review,an equity evaluation framework of urban parks based on group difference is constructed,and the correlation between group and green space accessibility is analyzed to explore the accessibility of urban parks for different groups.Taking Hangzhou as an empirical case,this paper mainly uses the method of index analysis,cross analysis and spatial overlap analysis to evaluate the equity of urban parks for different groups.The results show that:In general.the spatial distribution characteristic of different groups and urban parks is significant,and the spatial differentiation of group park green space accessibility is also obvious.It is mainly shown that the large-scale equity is better than the small-scale one.Compared with their counterpart,the permanent residents and temporary residents enjoy more urban parks,larger park area,closer to the parks,and more park types.In addition,the areas with low accessibility are mainly inhabited by temporary residents and low-income groups The cluster of double-disadvantage units is very obvious,mainly concentrated in urban fringe areas,including urban-rural fringe areas and suburban villages.However,in the areas with high accessibility of green space in the park,resident groups and high-income population are dispersed or clustered,while the cluster of dual-dominant units is not significant,which is mainly distributed in the central area of the city,including along the Grand Canal and the CBD of the new city According to different stage,time,cost and spatial characteristics,the spatial differentiation of group-green space accessibility is divided into six types:accumulation of advantages,development of new towns,renewal and replacement of old cities,low-lying old residential areas.blind areas in urban and rural areas,and shortage of suburban configuration.Finally,through the analysis of the factors and the formation ways of the spatial differentiation of accessibility,it is concluded that the formation mechanisms of urban parks are mainly the urban-rural dual differentiation and overall development,social and economic level and demand alienation,and the historical accumulation and filtering mechanism of urban space evolution.Based on the evaluation equity results of urban parks in Hangzhou,this paper tries to put forward planning strategies to improve the equity of urban parks from two aspects:On the one hand,improve the supply efficiency of urban parks;On the other hand,incline the allocation of urban parks for the disadvantaged groups.