Landscape Planning Of Urban Fringe In The UK

The urban fringe is an important area for the integration between urban and country,which plays a proactive role in urban expansion.However,due to problems such as insufficient planning,uneven development,and inadequate supervision in the development and construction practices in the past,the landscapes in the urban fringe is faced with problems such as landscape character degradation and landscape fragmentation.UK is one of the earliest urbanized countries with a widespread sense of national identity for the their landscape.Through continuous practices,the British people has developed a wellorganized system in the protection,utilization and development of landscape characters in urban fringe.This study,with a focus on the UK,analyzes the transition in their perception of the urban fringe landscape and the corresponding policies and practices.Based on the development characteristics and policy content of the urban fringe,the process of the urban fringe landscape planning in the UK is divided into four stages,namely the stage of exploration of the urban-rural structure(early 20 th century-1940s),the stage of controlled green belt policy(1940s-1980s),the stage of loose green belt policy(1980s-1990s),the stage of multifunctional landscape integration(2000s-2010).The mechanism of relevant policies and landscape impacts is illustrated and landscape development trend is summarized.On this basis,the study analyzed the current urban fringe landscape planning system in the UK since 2011,which centered on multi-functionality,from the perspective of spatial hierarchy and implementation process.Moreover,the study illustrated the landscape assessment toolkits centered on Landscape Character Assessment and planning toolkits centered on Green Infrastructure Planning.Finally,the study illustrated the urban fringe landscape planning at the local level on cases of London,Swindon,Plymouth,Northampton.The study finally discusses China's deficiencies in the protection and management of landscape characters in urban fringe and opportunities in the context of the current transformation of the planning paradigm,as well as experience of the UK's urban fringe landscape planning.The study aims to emphasize the importance of landscape planning in urban fringe by drawing on the successful model of landscape protection in urban fringe in the UK.China is expected to achieve a balance between construction and protection of landscape characters in the rapid urbanization process,and healthy and orderly urban and rural development.