The Evolution And Characteristics Of The Urban Spatial Form Of Modern Guangzhou Wan In Western Guangdong

In 1899,the Q ing government and Fra nce set the scope of the leased territory delineated along the banks of the Maxie River and named it "Guangzhou Wan Leased Territory".The article sorts out the spatial development process of Guangzhou wan,analyzes its leading construction power and the e volution characteristics of urban spatial form under the interaction,and discusses its heritage value and significance.Chikan was the most prosperous place in Guangzhou wan since the early Q ing Dynasty.The marine trade in the Ming and Q ing Dynasties promoted the construction of its polder C ity,which became an influential commercial port in western Guangdong in the late Q ing Dynasty.Merchants led the early construction of Chikan port,and restricted by the geographical and climatic conditions and construction technology,formed the early spatial form of Chikan port-the commercial polder city is located in the east coastal lowland,and the guild hall and settlement are concentrated on the west slope.After being rented by law,Guangzhou wan was brought under the jurisdiction of the Federal Government of Indochina.The colonial government conceived the pattern of t he east and west battalions intersecting the Maxie estuary,built two east and west military camps on the banks of the Maxie River,and planned the construction of the administrative center Maxie new city and the military center Fort-Bayard,while Chikan as a Chinese district,maintained its commercial and trade development and spontaneous urban construction.The colonial government’s planning and construction of Maxie was unsuccessful.After the operation failed,it shifted its focus to the West Bank and cooperated with the Chinese.The commercial status of C hikan in the Chinese District was strengthened,and the enclave Fort-Bayard,was used as the administrative and military center to jointly form the dual political and economic core of the Guangzhou wan.In order to demonstrate the absolute authority of the colonial government,Fort-Bayard adopted the zoning and grid layout methods commonly used in colonial planning,forming a pattern that is based on the French area in the north wing and the Chinese area in the south wing;The French are divided into military and living areas.The overall development intensity is low,and the building density is gradually increasing from north to south(from the French to the C hinese district).Mainly the official buildings with good construction quality,a small number of commercial buildings are mainly distributed in the Chinese area.Most of the buildings adopt French popular style and form a neat and spacious French style city with the boulevard.Under the influence of regional climatic conditions,commercial development a nd colonial rule,C hikan formed a wrap-around group pattern centered on C hikan Port.The three new groups include the southeast administrative group,the eastern reclamation commercial group,and the southwest.Business group.Due to the different dominant forces in each period,the four groups have different textures.The development intensity is greater,the central group continues the natural texture of the traditional town,with the highest density;the new group adopts a grid layout,and the development intensity is slightly lower.The central group is dominated by traditional commercia l buildings,and the three new groups are distributed with new commercial buildings representing advanced construction ideas,technologies and popular styles at that time,forming a city that blends Chinese and Western cultures.