Study On The Space And Landscape Aesthetics Of Tujia National Traditional Village In Enshi

With the development of modernization and implementation of rural revitalization strategies,the protection and construction of rural landscapes are drawing increasing attention.However,due to their inadequate comprehension of the regional culture,the builders are blindly seeking for new ideas and aesthetic differences.Many localized landscape styles have been destroyed,the original ecological residential environment and the harmonious human-land relationship has gradually disappeared.Studying the traditional village space under the landscape aesthetic theory can help learn the local landscape aesthetic experience,and find an appropriate way,based on the traditional wisdom of human settlement,for the current construction.With a systematical study of the landscape aesthetic theories at home and abroad,this paper uses Steven C.Bourassa’s three parts framework of landscape aesthetics as the research context to explore a profound understanding of the traditional village space of Tujia nationality in Enshi,Hubei Province.From the perspective of historical background and traditional functions,this paper categorizes the 67 Tujia nationaltraditional villages into three types: for military defense,farming and business.Macroscopically,according to data from the Arc GIS,the distribution regularity and environmental characteristics of varied types are acquired.It is found that the relationship between the function of military defense and local governance exists,agricultural villages are of universality and uneven distribution as well as dependency on gradient and exposure,and commercial villages are highly associated with rivers and ancient roads.According to the analysis of landscape patterns,the conclusion is that the military defense villages are of high and precipitous terrain,the farming ones are surrounded by mountains and rivers,and the commercial type is stretching naturally along the main road of its trade routes.At the meso-level,this paper summarizes the balanced and symmetrical hierarchical order and defensive system of martial defense villages,integrated but flexible special pattern of ethnic groups in farming villages,and linear progression of commercial ones which contains streets with marketing features.At the micro level,the types and materials of official houses,residential buildings and commercial buildings are analyzed separately as well as the aesthetic characteristics of landscape elements such as tomb stone carvings,terraced landscapes and commercial joints.Meanwhile,on the basis of spatial analysis,the formation mechanism of their aesthetic experience is explained theoretically.Finally,similarities and differences of the landscape aesthetic characteristics of the three types are analyzed,and that of the Tujia traditional villages in Enshi is featured with practicality according to circumstances,diversity,romance,andharmony between man and nature.The formation mechanism of the aesthetic experience of Tujia traditional villages is modeled.From the angle of biological laws,it summarizes the impacts of production and life,defensive security and economic behavior on landscape aesthetics;from cultural rules,effects of spiritual beliefs,patriarchal systems and cultural exchanges;from personal strategies,the influences of perception and design strategy.By analyzing the landscape aesthetic characteristics and mechanism,this paper is aimed at providing valuable reference for the landscape construction and protection of Tujia traditional villages.