GIS-Based Study On Optimization Of Fire Station Layout In Hohhot Central District

City safety is the basic guarantee for city residents to carry out various life and production activities.Safety guarantee has always been the primary requirement for city construction.Fire has the characteristics of high frequency and strong harmfulness.Once it happens,it is easy to cause greater loss of life and property.Fire fighting is an important part of city safety and an indispensable guarantee condition for building a harmonious society.With the rapid development of Hohhot's economy and the rapid increase of urbanization rate,the problems in the fire fighting construction are gradually highlighted,such as the lack of special fire fighting planning,the lagging construction of fire stations,and the blocked fire fighting roads.Based on this situation,this paper takes Hohhot city center as the research area,studies the layout optimization of fire stations,evaluates the current layout,constructs a positioning and distribution model,and puts forward an optimization scheme,which has certain reference significance for the planning and construction of Hohhot fire stations.Firstly,this paper reviews and sorts out the researches on the location of public service facilities and fire stations at home and abroad,and learns the theories and methods commonly used by scholars at home and abroad on the location problem.Secondly,the fire situation in the study area was analyzed to find out the main factors affecting the fire occurrence in the central city of Hohhot.The research is divided into high risk area,medium risk area and low risk area by using the method of spatial analysis.Secondly,a network analysis model based on Hohhot's road network is built to evaluate the accessibility of the current fire stations and to explain the coverage of the fire station's area of responsibility.Then,according to the principle of fire station location,the response time and driving speed are limited,the Hohhot fire station location model is constructed to determine the number and location of facilities,and the p-center model is used to divide the area of responsibility in combination with fire risk classification.Finally,the whole site selection and responsibility area division scheme are evaluated,and the evaluation results show that the overall rescue level is improved compared with that before.Through the above research,the following main conclusions are drawn:(1)There are ten fire stations in Hohhot's downtown area,mostly concentrated in the downtown area.The response time for fire fighting in this area is within 5 minutes,and the fire fighting facilities in the suburbs outside the 2nd Ring Road are lacking,and the response time for fire fighting is over 5 minutes.The area of fire station responsibility area is generally too large,only Yuquan district 3rd Squadron responsibility area is 6.3km~2,the rest are above 9km~2;98%of the high-risk areas for fire occurrence in the research area can be covered by the responsibility areas of the fire stations,while the coverage of the medium-risk areas is poor,35%of the medium-risk areas are not covered,and the low-risk areas are not covered at all.(2)Build a site selection model and use GIS software to propose an optimal layout scheme.Firstly,based on the minimum facility point model and the maximum coverage model,it is proposed to add 13first-class general fire stations and 9 second-class general fire stations in the study area.The location of facility points is determined by combining the actual situation of road network after the model is generated.Then,the P-center model is used to divide the responsibility area for the fire station,and the responsibility area is adjusted according to the fire risk classification.The fire risk in the urban center area is relatively high.The divided responsibility area is required to be 4-7km~2,and the fire risk in the urban and suburban areas is low.The area of the responsibility area is appropriately expanded to be 10-20km~2 on the premise of meeting the5-minute response time requirement.(3)Evaluating the optimization results,the coverage ratio of the optimized fire station layout scheme is increased by 29.22%,the average response time is shortened from 6.83min to 3.05min,and the average area of the area of responsibility is reduced from the original 28km~2 to 9km~2,thus improving the overall rescue level.