| In the 21 st century,the global air transport industry has maintained a rapid growth and profoundly changed the global social economy.At the same time,China’s air transport industry has also achieved remarkable achievements.However,China’s air transport layout and organization still face many structural difficulties and cannot effectively support China going global.Many studies in China’s air transport geography focus on a single perspective of domestic or international connections.However,faced with the increasingly complex organization and evolution of the aviation network under the global-local interaction,the research of air transport geography is facing new challenges.Therefore,it is urgent to carry out a comprehensive integrated study of glocal embedding.In response to the above problems,this paper constructs the theoretical framework of spatial evolution complexity of global-national-local multi-scale aviation network from a glocal perspective.This paper explores the topological characteristics and spatial heterogeneity evolution of global international air network,China domestic and international air network from the aspects of network attributes,spatial structure,spatial oraganization and impact mechanism by means of complex network,spatial analysis and spatial metrology.The main conclusions are as follows:Firstly,air transport network system is a small-world networks with quasi-scalefree characteristics.The global international aviation network and the China domestic aviation network are complex networks that has a higher agglomeration coefficient and a shorter path length.Moreover,based on the cumulative degree distribution of nodes,it was found that the logarithmic distribution of the network exhabits an obvious twosegment power law distribution characteristic.In addition,air transport network has obvious hierarchy.However,the network size distributions of different perspectives and scales have certain differences,but they have a common law: the size distribution of weighted nodes tends to be more concertrated.Similarly,the attenuation rate and concentration index of the weighted degree and weighted average center rank are relatively large,indicating the advantage of core nodes in the weighted network is more prominent.Secondly,air transport network has remarkable regionalization characteristics with geographical proximity,geopolitics and geoeconomics.The global international air network has a significant community structure,and the community division shows strong geographical proximity characteristics.On this basis,it can be divided into European communities,American communities,Asia-Pacific communities,Middle Eastern communities and African communities.However,there are also some nongeographical characteristics of global international air connections.For example,a few cities on the west coast of North America are closely connected to the Asia-Pacific region,Central Asia is closely related to Europe,and the dense connection between South Asia,the Middle East and Africa.In conclusion,these reflects the geopolitics and geoeconomics have impacts on the global international air network.Besides,geographic proximity also exists in the China international air network.We found that the international connections of China are mainly concentrated in the neighboring East and Southeast Asia regions,and its air services account for over 80% of the total.From a local perspective,China’s domestic aviation network connections are mainly concentrated between major urban agglomerations.Intercity flights are mainly concentrated in the 1000-1500 km segment,which tends to be connected by longdistance cities.Thus,the spatial agglomeration and community of China’s domestic air network is weak.As a typical 2-mode network,the China’s international air transport network is less affected by geographical distance.In contrast,the network is more closely related to city ’s social,economic and political attributes,national policies,and airline development strategies.Thirdly,air transport network has obvious spatial heterogeneity and polarization characteristics,its spatial evolution shows path dependence and path creation.From a global perspective,Europe and the United States have an absolute advantage in the global international aviation network.Such as the United Kingdom,France,Germany,and the United States have an absolute advantage in the global international aviation network.And London,Paris,Frankfurt and Amsterdam are the global core nodes that dominate the global international aviation network.This indicates that the air network evolution has some spatial inertia and dependence.With the development of the global air transport industry and good geographical advantages,the status of the Middle East and Asian countries in the global international aviation network continues to improve.Meanwhile,the rise of the status of these two regions is accompanied by the emergence of a large number of new regional and interregional routes.From a local perspective,China’s domestic air transport network has obvious hierarchy and regional spatial polarization characteristics.Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou occupy an unshakable position in the domestic air transport network,and some regional central cities such as Urumqi,Kunming,Chengdu,and Xi’an have become regional central hubs.In addition,the diamond structure of the domestic aviation network is more prominent.The air links are highly concentrated among the three major urban agglomerations and the ChengduChongqing urban agglomeration.At the same time,new airline connections are constantly emerging between small and medium-sized cities.From the glocal perspective,China’s external air passenger flows also exhibits obvious spatial heterogeneity.On the one hand,external connections are mainly concentrated in large cities such as Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou,and small cities have weak international connections.On the other hand,international connections are mainly concentrated in neighboring East and Southeast Asia and developed countries in Europe and America.What’s more,the China’s international air networks exhabits significant spatial stickiness.The main international connections are mainly concentrated between domestic large cities and the core hubs of East Asia and Southeast Asia.Furthermore,at the same time,China’s external air links are also constantly creating new paths and gradually showing diversification and complexity drived by political,economic and tourism factors.Finally,the city’s administrative level has a more significant impact on the layout of domestic routes,while the city’s tourist attraction has a greater influence on international routes.The level of economic development,the development advantages of the tertiary industry,the attractiveness of tourism,the income of urban residents and FDI have a significant positive impact on the number of urban air passenger transport.From the perspective of urban routes,the urban economic development level,the proportion of tertiary industry,tourism attractiveness,and urban administrative level have significant impacts on international and domestic aviation networks.However,it is found that the same indicator has a significant difference in the impact on the domestic or international air transport network after standardizing the coefficients of the indicators.The spatial distribution of domestic routes pays more attention to the administrative level of the city,thus the route coverage of provincial capitals and higher cities is higher.While the international routes is more inclined to cities with developed socioeconomics,rich tourism resources,and complete basic service facilities.In addition,national macro policies and airline development strategies also have a greater impact on the connectivity of navigable cities. |
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