| Metro system,as a typical type of mass transit railway(MTR)system,plays a dominant role in metropolise with dense populations.In 2018,the total passenger flow volume of domestic metro system was 21.07 billion person-times,and total passenger person-kilometres 176.08 billion,which will be continuously rising in the future.Faced with the rising passenger flow volume of metro system,the bottleneck areas in metro station pose significant challenges to the efficiency of passenger flow organization and management and even the travelling safety of passengers.To improve the throughout efficiency and ensure the safety of passengers using metro system are two primary goals in the process of optimizing all kinds of pedestrian service facilities and improving passenger flow organization and management,represented by the inbound ticket gate facility in metro stations.And a thorough understanding of the traffic characteristics of the pedestrian within the area of inbound ticket gate facilities is the fundamental to the deeper study of the corresponding optimized layout design schemes and the foothold of evaluating them.However,compared with traditional vehicular traffic,the various personnel attributes of pedestrian bring about additional complexity for its studies.The explicit elaboration of pedestrian heterogeneity attributes and heterogeneous pedestrian traffic flow is the key to pedestrian-based traffic studies.Based on heterogenous pedestrian flow simulation,this study optimized the layout design of the inbound ticket gate facilities in metro stations.In terms of four pedestrian heterogeneity attributes: gender,age,luggage-carrying status and accompanying status,their composition ratio and impacts on pedestrian moving speed were studied.Then the conclusion was drawn that all of the four pedestrian heterogeneity attributes has an statistically significant influence on pedestrian moving speed based on statistical analysis.Similarities and differences of traffic characteristics of heterogeneous pedestrian travelling within the inbound ticket gate area and in other typical circumstances were also compared,showing that the component ratios of gender and age within the study area are similar to other circumstances,while there were far more less pedestrian carrying large luggage and accompanying with each other.Also,the heterogeneous pedestrian moving speed was obviously slower in the area of inbound ticket gate facilities compared with other areas.Based on three system performance indexes: economic efficiency of facility layout,balance level of facility utilization and comfortable level pedestrian perceived,the generic algorithm(GA)was applied to obtain the optimized layout schemes for inbound ticket gate facilities within the study area targeted on number,location and layout formation of facilities.The optimized inbound ticket gate layouts had a tilted setting form with a certain angle with the passenger flow direction,improving the balance level of facility utilization and pedestrian movable range,and reducing the degree of pedestrian trajectory offset,corresponding to different passenger flow volumes and number of inbound ticket gates.Seven evaluation indicators: pedestrian density,deviation of speed,delay,queuing time,queuing length,travelling time and travelling length were chosen to form the basic structure of the evaluation indicator system.Index data processing method considering heterogenous pedestrians was proposed,and two indexes of optimization efficiency for single indicator and total optimization efficiency for layout scheme were then established so as to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different layout schemes.Pedestrian simulation in VISSIM software targeted on optimized layout schemes provided the necessary data for evaluation and comparison.Finally,the optimal layout scheme for the study area of inbound ticket gate facility was chosen,with respective level of improvements for all seven indicators. |
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