Modeling And Simulation Of Pedestrian Microcosmic Behavior In Urban Rail Transit Station

With the rapid development of society and economics in our country,the development of urban rail transit has made great progress.Urban rail transit plays an important role in the "13th Five-Year" plan,and it is an important factor to promote the construction of urbanization.Urban rail transit is the priority area in “The Belt and Road" strategy,and an important condition for infrastructure interconnection.It needs to be constructed priority and developed rapidly.However,with the rapid development of urban rail transit,pedestrian crowding in urban rail transit station becomes an important problem disturbing travellers.In the morning and evening peak of pedestrian flow,pedestrian crowding often appears in bottleneck area such as vertical walking facilities,ticket gate machine,etc.Pedestrian crowding leads the low efficiency of pedestrians passing and some safety problems.In urban rail transit station,security,comfortability and efficiency of pedestrians passing in the bottleneck area have been paid more and more attention.Analyzing and simulating pedestrian walking behavior in urban rail transit station and taking some effective organization and management measures to improve the safety and efficiency have important theoretical and practical significance.A framework of pedestrian walking behavior simulation is proposed considering pedestrian microcosmic behavior in actual situation.Pedestrian microcosmic behavior representation model is built considering pedestrian individual attributes,pedestrian distribution conditions and surrounding environment.The characteristics of cellular automata model,hydrodynamic model,magnetic force model,social force model,lattice gas model,agent model are analyzed at model construction characteristics,the difficulty of combining with the individual behavior characteristics,the difficulty of programming and operation efficiency,and cellular automata model is selected as the pedestrian simulation model.Adding pedestrian microcosmic behavior representation model into pedestrian simulation model which is based on cellular automata,pedestrian microcosmic behavior simulation model is established.On this basic,pedestrian choice behavior for vertical walking facilities,separating pedestrian flow in T-shaped passage,pedestrian evacuation behavior on the platform with multi-exits,and pedestrian queuing behavior in front of ticket gate machine in urban rail transit station are analyzed and simulated.(1)Simulation of pedestrian choice behavior for vertical walking facilitiesAnalyzing the influence factors of pedestrian choice behavior for vertical walking facilities,pedestrian choice model for vertical walking facilities based on support vector machine is established considering the main factors of interlayer height,luggage,difference between queuing pedestrians,and walking speed.This model is verified with pedestrian flow data of Changchun light-rail line 3 and 4 transfer station and Beijing Xizhimen transfer station.Adding the pedestrian choice model of vertical walking facilities into pedestrian simulation model which is based on cellular automata,pedestrian choice behavior simulation model is obtained.Changchun light-rail line 3 and 4 transfer station is selected as the research object,and pedestrian choice behavior for vertical walking facilities is simulated.The influence of major factors on the pedestrian choice behavior of vertical walking facilities is analyzed.The layout of vertical walking facilities in Changchun light-rail line 3 and 4 transfer station is improved for reducing pedestrian conflicts,and efficiency of pedestrian passing is obviously improved.The research in this section is helpful to the layout planning and humanized design of vertical walking facilities in urban rail transit station.(2)Simulation of separating pedestrian flow in T-shaped passageAnalyzing the conflict characteristics of separating pedestrian flow in T-shaped passage,subconscious strength is introduced to show the effect of guide sign.Under the effect of guide sign,pedestrian generate the subconscious behavior to walk along the left-hand(right-hand)side.The representation model of pedestrian subconscious strength is established,and it is added into pedestrian simulation model which is based on cellular automata,simulation model of separating pedestrian flow in T-shaped passage is established.With the effect of guide sign,efficiency of pedestrian passing is analyzed and the reasonable position of guide sign is given.The research in this section can provide a scientific method for setting the guide signs in T-shaped passage of urban rail transit station.(3)Simulation of pedestrian evacuation behavior on the platform with multi-exitsAnalyzing pedestrian evacuation behavior on the platform,estimated evacuation time and shortest distance are regarded as the main factors in pedestrian exit choice,in which,pedestrian evacuation process is transformed into two stages of pedestrian free walking to exit and queuing in the calculation of pedestrian evacuation time to calculate estimated evacuation time.Pedestrian evacuation exit choice model is established considering pedestrian preference for estimated evacuation time and shortest distance.Adding pedestrian exit choice model into pedestrian simulation model which is based on cellular automata,pedestrian exit choice behavior simulation model on the platform is obtained.The platform of Xizhimen station of Beijing metro line 2 is selected as the research object,and pedestrian exit choice behavior is simulated.Wandering phenomenon and influence of exit width on evacuation efficiency is analyzed in the process of pedestrian evacuation.The research in this section can provide theoretical basis for pedestrian flow organization and management in the urban rail transit station.(4)Simulation of pedestrian queuing behavior in front of ticket gate machineAnalyzing the pedestrian queuing behavior in front of ticket gate machine,three pedestrian queuing behavior choice models in front of ticket gate machine are built.These pedestrian queuing behavior choice models are added into pedestrian simulation model which is based on cellular automata,and three pedestrian queuing behavior simulation models in front of ticket gate machine are obtained.Gong-nong-guang-chang station of Changchun metro line 1 and Beijing Xizhimen sataion are respectively selected as the research objects of unidirectional and bidirectional ticket gate machine,and pedestrian queuing behavior is simulated.The influence of the setting of bidirectional ticket gate machine on the efficiency of pedestrian passing is analyzed.The research results of this part can provide reference for the setting of ticket gate machine in urban rail transit station.