The Influence Of High-speed Railway On Regional Innovation And Its Heterogeneity Analysis

At the beginning of the 21 century,the development of high-speed railway in China has gained all people attention.By 2017,the mileage of China's high-speed railway construction ranks first in the world with an achievement of 25000 kilometers,successfully changing from a "follower" of high-speed rail to a "leader" of high-speed rail.At present,from the research construction of high-speed railway,it can be known that the opening of high-speed rail can shorten the "space-time distance" between regions and speed up the flow of production factors such as information,talents,capital and knowledge between regions.Thus it's impact cannot be ignored.At the same time,China is in economic transformation.Innovation is highly valued by the state and society because it can promote sustained economic growth.The proposal of the national innovation-driven strategy does a good work in promoting the transformation of economic mode and stimulating economic.But now the innovation structure is still relatively backward,and the overall innovation level of the country is not high.Problems of financing,information and talents in innovative activities in China lead to the slow development of regional innovation.The high-speed railway can speed up the flow of production factors between regions.It is good to solve the difficulties faced by innovation activities.Theoretically,the high-speed rail makes an impact to regional innovation that cannot be ignored.This paper studies the relationship between high-speed rail and innovation.It is conducive to promote China's high-speed rail network layout and improve the innovation-driven strategy.And there is a certain gap of economic development in China,so the research on the heterogeneity of the innovation effect of high-speed rail is of great significance.It will help to narrow the economic differences of China.This paper studies the regional innovation effect of high-speed rail by the combination of theory and demonstration.In theoretical part,paper deeply explores the mechanism of the opening of high-speed rail on regional innovation activities.In the part of empirical research,taking 283 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2017 as samples,using the tendency score matching double difference method(PSM-DID),this paper mainly explores the following five questions:(1)to study the effect of national high-speed rail opening on innovation;(2)to divide China into eastern,central and western regions to compare the regional heterogeneity of high-speed rail innovation effects.(3)set up the interactive items of high-speed rail opening and economic environment,and further analyze the regional heterogeneity of the effect of social and economic environment on high-speed rail innovation;(4)set new dumb variables of high-speed rail opening to express the situation of high-speed rail opening year by year,and then explore the time trend of high-speed rail innovation effect.(5)the dumb variables of two-year,two-year and seven-year high-speed rail opening are set to represent the high-speed rail opening in the three periods of 2007-2008,2009-2010 and 2011-2017,and further consider the time trend of the innovation effect of high-speed rail under the influence of the overall economy in different years.Paper gets the following conclusions.(1)Combined with the characteristics of innovation activities,it is found that the opening of high-speed rail mainly promotes regional innovation activities by reducing transportation costs,reducing financing costs,strengthening inter-regional information exchange,promoting the flow of high-quality talents and promoting regional economic development.(2)The high-speed rail can promote innovation.But the primary driving force of innovative activities in China is not strong enough,the development of innovative activities mainly depends on the support of the government.(3)the opening of high-speed rail in China plays a significant role in promoting innovation.But this promoting effect is the strongest in the western region.There is an obvious gradient difference,indicating that the opening of high-speed railway promotes the gathering of economy to the west,which is conducive to the balanced development of China's regional economy.(4)the influence of economic and social environment on the innovation effect of high-speed rail has regional heterogeneity,in which the entrepreneurial activity in the eastern and central regions helps the market subjects to innovate by making use of the convenience brought by the opening of high-speed rail.The scientific and educational resources,industrialization level and government investment in the western region are more helpful for market subjects to make use of the convenience brought by the opening of high-speed rail.(5)the impact of high-speed rail on innovation has a lag in time.The effect of high-speed rail innovation is not significant in the early stage of high-speed rail opening,but the longer the opening time is,the stronger the promoting effect is.At the same time,in the case of further considering the overall economy in different years,the opening of high-speed rail plays a more significant role in promoting regional innovation.Finally,paper gives suggestions to optimize the layout of the high-speed rail network and promote the implementation of the national innovation-driven strategy.