Research On Passenger Evacuation Under The Emergencies Based On Social Force Model

In recent years,the rapid development of rail transit has greatly eased the increasingly congested urban road traffic,but have also brought many safety problems.In the event of emergencies such as failure of subway facilities and equipment,bad natural weather,fire,etc.,it is very easy to cause large-scale operation delays and economic losses,and have adverse social impacts.Since pedestrians at the subway station have a huge flow of pedestrian and a complex pedestrian structure.It is not feasible to study the pedestrian evacuation behavior and psychological characteristics frequently through large-scale passenger evacuation drills.However,the behavior and psychology of pedestrians in the face of emergencies is an indispensable condition for formulating station emergency plans and corresponding theories.Therefore,a questionnaire was issued to collect the behavioral preference and psychological characteristics of pedestrians around the subway station,the key influencing factors have been determined through correlation factor analysis,the current research results have been summarized to improve the initial social force model.After buildind a scientific pedestrian evacuation model,the details of pedestrian evacuation in subway stations under different scenarios were analyzed,and the merits and demerits of the evacuation emergency plan were further evaluated.Ensure that pedestrians in the station can be quickly evacuated to a safe area in an emergency,and provide a theoretical basis and realistic basis for the subway operating company to modify the existing emergency plan.This research could mainly be divided into those following aspects:(1)After reviewing the current research status at home and abroad,this article understands the scientific theory and research methods of pedestrian behavior,summarizess the types of pedestrian evacuation models and the advantages and limitations of each model,elaborates the characteristics of pedestrian micro-motion and macro-motion,and analyzes the types and applicability of current pedestrian evacuation strategies.(2)This article clarifies the definition and characteristics of emergencies at a subway station.It details the individual characteristics of pedestrians,pedestrian habits and cultural differences,psychological attributes,and surrounding environmental characteristics.The characteristics and application of AnyLogic for pedestrian evacuation simulation software are introduced.(3)Discuss the process of presenting the social force model,clarify the physical meaning of each parameter of the model,analyze the limitations of the initial model,and modify the social force model from three aspects: pedestrian perception range,pedestrian panic coefficient,and pedestrian expected speed.Improve the reliability of the social force model by comparing and verifying pedestrian trajectories.(4)Through questionnaire survey and statistical analysis,this paper conducts a questionnaire survey on 267 pedestrians around Xujiahui Station of Shanghai Metro Line 9 to collect relevant information on pedestrian evacuation behavior and psychology.Combined with the statistical analysis function of SPSS 22.0 to perform correlation factor analysis,the key influencing factors of evacuation behavior of descending people at subway stations,including physical status,familiarity with the situation inside the station,passenger flow evacuation experience,and the use of fire extinguishers,were obtained.Establish a logistic regressive analysis model to analyze the evacuation path of descending people in emergencies.(5)This article uses AnyLogic software to simulate the evacuation process based on the social force model.According to the physical model of the Xujiahui Station of Shanghai Metro Line 9,one kind of logical mathematical models has been established to study the process of pedestrian evacuation at the platform and hall floors.Observe the pedestrian evacuation behavior in subway station emergencies,and analyze the evacuation issues in different kinds of evacuation scenarios.After the evacuation simulation,it was found that closing the escalator on the platform floor to the hall floor during an emergency helps reduce the evacuation time and improve evacuation efficiency.(6)This article analyzes the changes in the number of evacuation passages in each group during the evacuation process over time and the change in pedestrian density at the platform level,and proposes an evacuation strategy optimization plan based on density distribution.The local evacuation behavior of pedestrians is optimized by changing the evacuation route selection of local men Guidelines.After verification,the optimized evacuation plan can improve the evacuation efficiency by 4.4%,thereby providing a scientific theoretical basis for the subway operation company to formulate an emergency plan.