The Safety Research Of Bt Maize And Bt Rice On Folsomia Candida

Maize and rice are the world's most important food crops, but often suffer from pests and diseases in agricultural production, resulting in a sharp reduction in production. Bt transgenic maize and rice can be well improved the loss of pests and diseases, and its efficient insecticidal effect and can reduce the use of chemical pesticides make GM corn and rice favored. However, the cultivation of Bt transgenic maize and rice may bring some potential risks to the environment. Therefore, strict safety evaluation should be carried outbefore commercialization of Bt transgenic maize and rice.Folsomia candida is a parthenogenetic animal, is a widely important arthropods present in farmland soil ecosystems. Genetically modified crops will secrete Bt insecticidal protein from the root to the soil at the time of planting, and the plant residue will remain soil after the crop is harvested, so the Folsomia candida will be exposed to these Bt proteins. In this study, transgenic maize cultivars SK12-5 and non-transgenic parents ZD958 and transgenic rice lines TIC-19, T2A-1 and non-transgenic parents MH63 were used to study the effects of transgenic maize pollen, transgenic rice leaves and pollen, Whether the above-mentioned transgenic crop tissues will have a negative impact on their growth and development, our findings are as follows:(1) There were no significant differences in life parameters such as survival rate, head width, body length and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) between Bt maize pollen and non-Bt maize pollen. However, the survival parameters such as non-Bt maize pollen(E-64 concentration of 75 ?g/g) containing protease inhibitor were significantly negatively affected. The activities of enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase)associated with antioxidants in the body were compared with those of non-Bt maize pollen was no significant difference, but the activity of the three enzymes in the body was significantly increased when the non-Bt maize pollen containing E-64 was taken. These results suggest that the Bt maize pollen that expresses the Cry1Ab/2Aj protein has no lethal or sublethal effects to Folsomia candida.(2) When TIC-19, T2A-1 and MH63 (non-Bt parent) rice leaves was taken by Folsomia candida, the survival rate, oviposition, offspring, fecal pellets, width of the head and the length of the body parameters were not significantly different, but these parameters were significantly reduced when fed with the MH63 leaves containing protease inhibitor (E-6475 ?g/g) , and there was a significant difference from the control. When TIC-19, T2A-1 and MH63 (non-Bt parent) rice leaves was taken by Folsomia candida, the activity of antioxidant-related enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) and detoxification enzymes (glutathione reductase and glutathione s-transferase) was not significantly affect,but the activity of the related enzyme was significantly increased when the leaves containing E-64 were fed. These results can show that the Bt rice leaves containing Cry1C and Cry2A proteins have no lethal or sublethal effects to Folsomia candida.(3) When T1C-19, T2A-1 and MH63 (non-Bt parent) rice pollen was taken by Folsomia candida, the survival rate, oviposition, offspring, fecal pellets, width of the head and the length of the body parameters were not significantly different, but these parameters were significantly reduced when fed with the MH63 leaves containing protease inhibitor (E-6475 ?g/g) , and there was a significant difference from the control. When TIC-19, T2A-1 and MH63 (non-Bt parent) rice pollen was taken by Folsomia candida, the activity of antioxidant-related enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) and detoxification enzymes (glutathione reductase and glutathione s-transferase) was not significantly affect,but the activity of the related enzyme was significantly increased when the pollen containing E-64 were fed. These results can show that the Bt rice pollen containing Cry 1C and Cry2A proteins have no lethal or sublethal effects to Folsomia candida.