| Banana is one of the main economic crops in China. It is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions such as Hainan, Fujian, Guangdong and Yunnan. It is a pillar industry of local agricultural economy and plays a significant role in agricultural economy and social development. After bananas harvested, they produce huge amounts of wastes,which mainly include the banana straws, banana leaves and root stubble. Due to the low level of mechanization, the lack of supporting agricultural machinery, the processing of banana straw is still artificially cut down and transported to the field to let themselves decay. This traditional way not only pollute the environment, but also affect the banana garden updated. However, it maybe cause the plant diseases and insect pests. Banana stalks wastes contain a great many organic matter, N, P, K and trace elements for the growth of banana, which are the excellent organic fertilizer source. Using the machine to crush straws and return them directly, not only can enhance fertility, improve the soil structure, increase production, but also can save costs to improve the economic benefits of bananas. In this paper, we design and develop a kind of banana straw crushing and grinding 'machine,which can realize the full amount of crushing straw and stubble.The 1JGHL-160A type horizontal banana straw total crushing joint operation, adopted by the split-type structure, not only can compound operation but also be used for crushing straw and stubble operation separately. According to the principle of operation, the whole machine structure of the machine and the transmission route are designed. As well as the grinding roller and the cutter blade are rotated at different speed and steering. At the same time, the mathematical model is established for the relative position between the two rollers. Finally the horizontal distance parameter determines at 800mm. In this paper, a kind of profiling mechanism is designed to imitate the pressing roller, so that it can be undulating along with the fluctuation of the land, so as to avoid the winding and clogging by the straw fiber.In the design of the whole machine, crushing device and grubbing stubble cleaning device are the key to influence the machine working parts, and then study on the design of crushing device and stubble cleaning device respectively. Combined with the banana characteristics of large size, high moisture content and high content of cellulose and lignin,the shape of L and its modified type were designed. The simulation results show that when the bending angle of the blade is 130°and the thickness of the blade is 8mm, the deformation of the grinding blade is the smallest, the strength is the biggest, the wear resistance is good and the service life is long. The arrangement mode of the crushing blade is a herringbone arrangement. The design of the stubble device is slightly different from the crush device. Considering the width of ridges and rows, an adjustable pitching knife roller is designed. The distance between the two knives on the arbor can be changed by the length of the sleeve. The cutting of the cutter is no longer the traditional welding. The axle is fixed by the sleeve, and the flat key is fixed on the sleeve in the circumferential direction.The arrangement of the stubble knives adopts the double helix symmetrical arrangement for the ridge crop.After the completion of the prototype, field experiments are conducted respectively for the tractor forward speed, crushing blade roller speed and stubble knife roller speed,with carrying on the single factor test and orthogonal test. Finally we can obtain the optimal combination. Current into the speed of 0.7m/s, crushing knife roller speed of 1050 r/min, stubble knife roller speed of 450r/min, the crushing rate was 91.36%, the efficiency is 0.385 hm2/h. |
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