| Both soil nutrient and soil microbes are important part of soil quality. At present, the decline of soil quality in vegetable greenhouse cultivation has become one of the importantfactors restricting the development of vegetable production. Therefore, the study on soil nutrient and microbial changes in vegetable greenhouses is especially important. Based on the actual situation of the investigation and the soil status of the planting base, from organic fertilizer as base fertilizer and different intercourse mode to start, to study the effects of soil nutrient and microbes on vegetable greenhouses. And combined with the determination of plant yield and quality, to explore ways to improve the soil environment while increasing the yield of vegetable production. The results show that:(1) The application of organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the nutrient and microbial diversity of cultivated soil. Especially when the application amount of organic fertilizer at the level of 14286 kg/hm2 (B2), the effect of organic matter, total nitrogen,available phosphorus, available potassium and pH on soil was significantly higher than that of traditional chemical fertilizer control group.(2) Compared with bitter gourd (A), intercropping significantly improved the pH value of soil, and significantly increased the content of alkali nitrogen in soil, intercropping treatment C, D, E, F organic matter content is higher than the non-cultivated soil CK and A..(3) In the study of effects of fertilization on soil nutrients and microbial changes in vegetable greenhouses, it was found that the OTU content of bacteria in B2 was slightly lower than CK, and the bacterial abundance was not different from that in CK; The OTU content and abundance of bacteria in B3 were higher than CK; Fungi in B2 and B3 were significantly higher than in CK. A total of 231 bacterial order and 348 fungal species were detected by high - throughput sequencing. Compared to fertilizer as base fertilizer, the amount of soil bacteria increased in other organic fertilizer treatment except B2; the amount of fungi increased in other organic fertilizer treatment except B2, B3. The relative abundance of Sphingomonadales,Rhodospirillales and Actinomycetes was higher than that of P and CK, the relative abundance of Rhizobiales was higher than than of CK; The relative abundance of harmful bacteria Burkholderiales was lower than that in P and CK,Xanthomonadales was lower in CK. The relative abundance of Chaetomium_incomptum,Paecilomyces_sp_WSH_L07 and Aspergillus_terreus has all higher than that in CK.(4) In the study of effects of different intercropping patterns on soil nutrients and microbial biomass in vegetable greenhouse, the amount of OTU and the abundance of soil bacteria in intercropping treatment were higher than that of A. The intercropping treatment of E, F fungis OTU and abundance were significantly higher than A. 216 order were detected in the bacteria and 181 genus in fungi; Compared with bitter gourd, the amount of soil bacteria in different intercropping patterns.increased obviously; except bitter gourd / onions(D), the number of soil fungi in other intercropping patterns also increased. Compared with bitter gourd, the relative abundance of more than 2% of the microbial flora in different intercropping patterns was more, and the structure is more optimized. The relative abundance of Rhodospirillales, Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales that promote soil nitrogen accumulation in intercropping patterns B, C, D, and E were significantly higher than the non-cultivated soil CK and bitter gourd single A, the relative abundance of Xanthomonadales, Burkholderiales with plant pathogenicity was lower than that of A, and C was the lowest. The relative abundance of Trichoderma in the bitter gourd / garlic intercropping (E) was significantly higher than that of CK and A, and the relative abundance of Chaetomium was significantly higher than that of A, the relative abundance of Paecilomyces was higher than that of CK and A.(5) The application of organic fertilizer can promote the increase on vegetable yield,especially with the application amount at 9524 kg/hm2 (B1), 14286 kg/hm2 (B2) of coconut organic fertilizer. And the content of soluble protein in cowpea was significantly higher than other fertilization treatments at the application amount at 14286 kg/hm2 (B2).(6) Compared to bitter gourd cultivation alone (A), the four intercropping modes of bitter gourd / mustard (C), bitter gourd / onions (D), bitter gourd / garlic (E), bitter gourd /celery (F) had the higher yield, while bitter gourd / cabbage intercropping (B) was significantly lower than bitter gourd, the overall performance is B <A <C <D <E <F. Bitter gourd / cabbage intercropping (B) production decline may be due to the competitive effect of bitter gourd and cabbage on nutrition is stronger than that of mutual promotion. |
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