| The effects of dietary acidic oxidized konjac glucomannan on the growth,lipid metabolism and intestinal immune function of Schizothorax prenanti were studied to provide the basis for the popularization and application of A-OKGM as functional additives,the experiment one the effects of A-OKGM on the growth performance of specific growth rate(SGR),weight gain rate(WGR),intestinal length index,liver index and fatness,the basic components of fish,serum and liver lipid metabolism and biochemical parameters,liver lipid metabolism related genes of Schizothorax prenanti.the experiment two the effects of A-OKGM on the growth,lipid metabolism and proximal intestine(PI),middle intestine(MI)and distal intestine(DI)of intestinal biochemical markers and intestinal immune-related gene expression,Feed for 60 days,the concentration of intraperitoneal injection was 0.2 mL 9×108cfu mL-1 Aeromonas hydrophila,after seven days of infection,the activity of intestinal biochemical markers in PI,MI and DI of Schizothorax Prenanti.Expression of intestinal immune gene in PI,MI and DI were evaluated by real-time PCR of Schizothorax prenanti.The results are as follows:1.In terms of growth performance and muscle base compositionthe experiment one compared with the base group,the weiglht gain rate of fish increased with the specific growth rate were siglnificantly increased and the content of crude protein increased siglnificantly(P<0.05),the experiment two increased but did not reach the significant level and fat content increased significantly(P>0.05)when the additive dose was l.6%A-OKGM(P<0.05).The experiment one add 0.8%A-OKGM to increase the body’s liver index(P<0.05),the experiment two but there was no significant difference(P>0.05).Add different doses of A-OKGM group had no siglnificant effect of fatness,intestine index,long bowel index,water content and ash content of Schizothorax Prenanti(P>0.05).2.Serum and liver indicatorsthe experiment one compared with the base group,the triglyceride in the serum and trigllyceride,total cholesterol in the liver were significantly increased in different doses of A-OKGM(P<0.05).When adding 0.4%and 1.6%A-OKGM,Serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly increased;when adding 1.6%A-OKGM can significantly increase the serum of higlh density lipoprotein cholesterol(P<0.05).The levels of lipase and total lipase in the liver were significantly decreased by adding different levels of A-OKGM significantly increased the content of triglyceride and total cholesterol in the liver and significantly increased the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydro genase(P<0.05).The activity of hexokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in fish liver was significantly decreased when the additive dose was 0.4%and1.6%A-OKGM(P<0.05).there was no significant effect on the activity of hexokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the liver when the additive dose was 0.4%A-OKGM(P>0.05).the experiment two compared with the base group,there was no significant effect of blood sugar(P>0.05).3.lipid metabolism in gene expressionthe experiment one compared with the base group,the expression of lpl,gpdh and g6pd mRNA was significantly up-regulated in liver by adding 1.6%A-OKGM in the Schizothorax Prenanti diet(P<0.05),the expression of hl and acca mRNA was significantly up-regulated in liver by adding 0.8%and 1.6%A-OKGM in the Schizothorax Prenanti diet(P<0.05);the expression of cpt-1 and lxr-α mRNA was significantly up-regulated in liver by adding 0.8%A-OKGM in the Schizothorax Prenanti diet(P<0.05);the expression of srebp-1c mRNA was significantly up-regulated in liver by adding 0.4%A-OKGM in the Schizothorax Prenanti diet(P<0.05);and the expression of pparγ.fas and hmgc mRNA was significantly up-regulated in liver by adding different doses of A-OKGM in the Schizothorax Prenanti diet(P<0.05).There was no significant effect of pparα mRNA in liver by adding different doses of A-OKGM in the Schizothorax Prenanti diet(P>0.05).compared with the base group,the expression of ppara mRNA was significantly down-regulated in muscle by adding 1.6%A-OKGM in the Schizothorax Prenanti diet(P<0.05),the expression of fas mRNA was significantly up-regulated in muscle by adding 0.8%and 1.6%A-OKGM in the Schizothorax Prenanti diet(P<0.05);the expression of g6pd,lpl,ppary and hl mRNA was significantly up-regulated in muscle by adding 0.8%A-OKGM in the Schizothorax Prenanti diet(P<0.05);the expression of acca mRNAwas significantly up-regulated in muscle by adding 0.4%A-OKGM in the Schizothorax Prenanti diet(P<0.05);the expression of hmgrc and lxr mRNA was significantly up-regulated in muscle by adding 0.4%and 0.8%A-OKGM in the Schizothorax Prenanti diet(P<0.05);and the expression of cpt-1 mRNA was significantly down-regulated in muscle by adding different doses of A-OKGM in the Schizothorax Prenanti diet(P<0.05).There was no significant effect of gpdh,hfabp and srebp-1c mRNA in muscle by adding different doses of A-OKGM in the Schizothorax Prenanti diet(P>0.05).the experiment two compared with the base group,in addition to hl mRNA in the liver relative expression of a significant increase in the impact of other genes did notsignificantly affect.4.Intestinal biochemical markers and immune-related genescompared with the base group,the activity of lysozyme in the PI,acid phosphatase in the MI and superoxide dismutase in the DI were significantly increased(P<0.05).The expression of tnf-α mRNA,il-1β mRNA.tgf-β1 mRNA in the MI were significantly up-regulated by adding 1.6%A-OKGM in the Schizothorax Prenanti diet(P<0.05).After 7 days of infection with Aeromonas hydrophila:the activity of lysozyme in PI,MI,DI was increased after adding 1.6%A-OKGM,but it did not reach the significant level(P>0.05).In the MI,the expression of igl,il-1β,tnf-α,tgf-β1 mRNA in infection of Aeromonas hydrophila the A-OKGM group were higher than that in the infection of Aeromonas hydrophila control group(P<0.05),while il-10 and il-8 were down-regulated.In the DI,the expression of il-1β,tnf-α,tgf-β1,il-10 and il-8 in Aeromonas hydrophila A-OKGM groupwere lower than that in the infection of Aeromonas hydrophila control group(P<0.05).Above all,Dietary addition of acidic oxidized konjac glucomannan could promote the growth of Schizothorax prenanti,increase the content of crude protein and crude fat in muscle,increase serum and liver triglycerides,total cholesterol,may increase the levels of lipopolysaccharide-associated genes(such as ppary,srebp-1,fas,accα,hfabp,g6pd,gpdh and hmgrc),decrease in lipolytic enzyme(TLP)activity,and the lipid beta oxidation-related gene ppara mRNA Down the relevant.Dietary supplementation of A-OKGM,lysozyme activity in the PI,increased activity of AC in the MI and SOD in the DI;The expression of tnf-α mRNA,il-1β mRNA and tgf-β1 mRNA in the MI was significantly increased,and the activity of il-10 and il-8 were relatively down-regulated.In the DI,il-1β,tnf-α,tgf-β1,il-10 and il-8 were down-regulated.but some of the inflammatory factors in the MI and DI in the opposite results may be appropriate with the enhanced inflammatory factors play a positive regulation of immune defense ability.Thereby enhancing the nonspecific fecal fecal non-specific immunity. |
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