Genetic Study Of Main Characters In Purple Black Sweet-waxy Corn

By the design of two parental double-stranded hybridization,fifteen corn were combined from three purple waxy corn inbred parents and five homogyzous recessive inbred parents in this experiment.The growth period,plant height,yield and quality characters were observed and the combining abilities,heritabilities and the correlations of these characters were analyzed.The main findings are as follows.(1)The performance of major characters.The combination 15 main yield character was the best,the fresh ear weight was the heaviest,the ear length was the longest,the length of bald tip was the shortest and number of kernel per row was the most.On the other hand,the combination 10 had relatively poor performance in terms of fresh bract weight,ear length and number of kernel per row.In terms of quality characters,the combination 10 was higher in the soluble total sugar content.From the soluble total sugar content of three genotypes of purple black sweet-waxy corn,the soluble total sugar content of sh2su1-79 purple black sweet-waxy corn was the highest,followed by sh2-13 and the soluble total sugar content of su1-13 purple black sweet-waxy corn was the lowest.The combination 15 had the highest selenium content and the combination 12 had the highest anthocyanin content.From the performance of the 8 hybrid combinations planted in spring and autumn,the spring has a longer growing period,higher plant height,higher ear height and soluble total sugar content than autumn.However,there were no significant difference in fresh ear weight,selenium content and anthocyanin content in spring and autumn.In addition,the excellent performance of the combination of planting characters in spring is also superior to the planting characters in autumn.(2)Combining ability of major characters.The significant or highly significant different were shown for the variance of the general combining ability of the days to tassel,days to pollen,days to silk,plant height,ear height,fresh bract weight,fresh ear weight,ear length,kernel row,row kernel,soluble total sugar,anthocyanin,moisture content,length of bald tip 14 characters in the homozygous recessive parents.In addition,There were no significant different for the variance of the general combining ability of the two characters of fresh bract weight and soluble total sugar in the parents of the purple waxy maize and the significant or highly significant different were shown for the variance of the general combining ability of the other 12 characters.The highly significant different were shown for the variance of general combining ability of fresh bract weight,fresh ear weight,ear row number,soluble total sugar content,kernel moisture content,but there was no significant for the special combining ability variance,indicating that the 5 characters were mainly affected by additive effects.The significant or highly significant different were shown for the variance of general combining ability and special combining ability of the other 9 characters,indicating that these 9 characters were affected by both additive and non-additive effects.The relative effects of general combining ability and specific combining ability of both parents are relatively high,the measured values are not necessarily the largest.(3)Heritability of major characters.Except for the variance of the specific combining ability of days to pollen,number of kernel per row and length of bald tip were greater than the variance of general combining ability,the variance of general combining ability of the other 11 characters were greater than that of the special combining ability.The plant height,kernel moisture content,anthocyanin content,soluble total sugar,ear length,kernel row had both higher broad heritability and narrow heritability.The performance trends of the other 8character are not consistent,that is the character with a high general heritability(h2B)are not necessarily high in the narrow heritability(h2N).(4)Correlation analysis of major characters.Correlation analysis of plant height and yield characters showed that there was significant or highly significant positive correlation between fresh ear weight and ear length,fresh bract weight,plant height and ear height,ear length and fresh bract weight.There was a significant negative correlation between ear rows and the ear length,there was no significant correlation between the other character.The correlation analysis between fresh bract weight and quality character showed that there was a very significant positive correlation between kernel moisture content and soluble total sugar content,there was no significant correlation between the other traits.It shows that the appropriate reduction of plant height and ear height does not affect the yield;if the breeding goal is increase of anthocyanin content and selenium content,there will be no significant effect on the yield.