Study On The Differences Of Meat Quality,Muscle Fiber And Enzyme Activity Of Longlin Cattle,Holstein Cattle And Xilin Buffalo

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of local cattle and local buffalo into high-quality beef cattle and meat buffalo,in this experiment,the carcass and meat quality of Longlin cattle(male),Holstein cattle(male)and Xilin buffalo(male)were determined,the meat production and meat quality differences of three kinds of bovine were compared and analyzed;The histological morphology of the longissimus dorsi muscles of three bovines was observed and determined by HE sectioning and ATPase staining of frozen sections,the differences in the histological characteristics of the three types of bovine meat were compared and analyzed,and their association with carcass and meat quality traits was analyzed;The enzyme activities differences of SOD,LDH,MDH,SDH,and LPL in the longissimus dorsi fiber from three species of bovine compared and analyzed,the associations of enzyme activity with carcass,meat quality,and histological characteristics analyzed.The test results are as follows:1.In terms of meat production capacity,Holstein>Longlin Cattle>Xilin Buffalo,including:Holstein's meat weight significantly(P<0.05)is higher than Longlin and Xilin Buffalo,the difference between the latter two is not significant(P>0.05).There was no significant(P>0.05)difference in slaughter rate and net meat percentage between Holstein cattle and Longlin cattle,but both were significant(P<0.05)higher than that of Xilin buffalo.Holstein cattle could used directly as beef cattle,Longlin cattle need to increase their size,and Xilin buffalo need to increase their slaughter rate and net meat percentage.2.In terms of meat quality,Xilin buffalo meat and Holstein beef was better,and the Longlin beef were worse.Among them,in the aspect of marble,Holstein cattle>Longlin cattle>Xilin buffalo,had significant(P<0.05)differences.In respect of water loss rate,Holstein cattle<Xilin Buffalo<Longlin cattle,had significant(P<0.05)differences among the three.In terms of shear force,Xilin buffalo<Holstein cattle<Longlin cattle,had significant(P<0.05)differences among the three.In pH1,there was no significant(P>0.05)difference between Holstein cattle and Xilin buffalo,but both were significant(P<0.05)higher than Longlin cattle.In pH2,Xilin buffalo>Holstein cattle>Longlin cattle,had significant(P<0.05)differences among the three.In ApH,there was no significant(P>0.05)difference between Holstein cattle and Longlin cattle,but both were significant(P<0.05)higher than Xilin buffalo.3.In terms of nutrient composition,Holstein beef was the best,Longlin beef was the second,and the Xilin buffalo meat was slightly worse.Among them:in terms of crude protein,Holstein beef and Longlin beef were not significantly(P>0.05)different,but both were significant(P<0.05)higher than Xilin buffalo meat.In intramuscular fat,Holstein beef>Longlin beef>Xilin Buffalo meat,Holstein beef and Xilin buffalo meat were significantly(P<0.05)different,while others were not significant(P>0.05).In terms of water content,there was no significant(P>0.05)difference between Holstein beef and Longlin beef,but both were significantly(P<0.05)lower than that of Xilin buffalo meat.In terms of ash content,there was no significant(P>0.05)difference among the three.In terms of amino acid composition,there was no significant(P>0.05)difference in amino acid content between Holstein beef and Longlin beef,but both were significant(P<0.05)higher than Xilin buffalo meat.4.In terms of muscle fber diameter,Xilin buffalo>Longlin cattle>Holstein cattle,the fiber density was opposite,the difference among the three was significant(P<0.05).In terms of the proportion of type I muscle fiber,Xilin buffalo>Holstein cattle>Longlin cattle,the difference among the three was significant(P<0.05).In aspect ratio of type IIA muscle fiber,Xilin buffalo>Longlin cattle,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).The proportion of type I muscle fiber calculated by ATP enzyme basic alkaline staining and acid staining was similar,but the calculated ratio of type IIA to type IIB muscle fibers was quite different.The proportion of type IIA muscle fibers calculated by alkaline staining was higher than that of acid staining and the proportion of type ?B muscle fibers is the opposite.5.In the antioxidant capacity of meat,Xilin buffalo>Holstein cattle>Longlin cattle,the difference between the three were significant(P<0.05).In the capacity of oxidative metabolism in muscle,Xilin buffalo>Holstein cattlle>Longlin cattle,the difference between the three were significant(P<0.05).In terms of muscle glycolysis capacity,Xilin buffalo<Holstein cattle<Longlin cattle,the difference between the three significant(P<0.05).6.As results of the correlation analysis,there was a significant or extremely negative correlation between muscle fiber diameter and marble(three types of bovine),a significant positive correlation with water loss rate(two types of bovine),a significant positive correlation with shear force(a type of bovine),and a significant negative correlation with intramuscular fat(a kind of bovine).Type I muscle fiber ratio was significantly positively correlated with marble(two kinds of bovine),was significantly positively correlated with intramuscular fat(a type of bovine).Type IIB of muscle fiber There is a significant negative correlation with pH2(a type of bovine).There was a significant negative correlation between SOD activity and water loss rate(three types of bovine),a significant negative correlation with?pH(a kind of bovine),and a significant negative correlation with the diameter of muscle fibers(a type of bovine).There was a significant or extremely negative correlation between LDH activity and pH2(two types of bovine)and a significant positive correlation with the ratio of type IIB muscle fibers(a type of bovine).There was a significant positive correlation between MDH activity and pH2(a kind of bovine),a significant positive correlation with intramuscular fat(a type of bovine),a significant negative correlation with the diameter of muscle fibers(a kind of bovine),and a significant positive correlation with the ratio of type ? muscle fibers(a kind of bovine).There was a significant or very significant negative correlation between SDH activity and ApH(two species of bovine)and a significant positive correlation with pH2(a species of bovine).There was a significant or very significant negative correlation between LPL activity and intramuscular fat(two kinds of bovine).