Effects Of Different Water And Fertilizer Amount On Seed Germination And Growth Of Cherry Radish

As a kind of the four-season-radish,cherry radish is one of the widely cultivated root-vegetable in China.There are many advantages in cherry radish,such as rich nutrition,rapid growth speed,short growth cycle and obvious economic benefit.Water and fertilizer are important supplies to improve crop yield and quality.At present,there are few studies on how to apply water and fertilizer to cherry radish in a better way.So far,no comprehensive research has been done yet.Therefore,this study took cherry radish as the research object,adopted the culture dish method and the pot experiment,mainly studied the single factor effect of potassium fertilizer and boron fertilizer on the germination stage of cherry radish,and studied the single factor effect and multi-factor effect on the growth and development of cherry radish by the amount of water,the amount of potassium fertilizer and the amount of boron fertilizer.By detecting the germination index of cherry radish seeds,the growth index,photosynthesis index and quality index of cherry radish,the influence of various factors on the growth and development of cherry radish was found,and the optimal combination of water and fertilizer under the experimental conditions was determined,which provided a theoretical basis for the cultivation of cherry radish.The results of the study are as following.⑴The single factor effect of fertilizer amount on germination of cherry radish seeds.Two cherry radish varieties were selected for germination test.The results showed that the addition of potassium and boron salts inhibited the germination of two kinds of cherry radish seeds.Low concentration of potassium(30mmol/L)has a certain promotion effect on the germination of Holland star cherry radish seeds.Compared with the control group(0 mmol/L),the germination rate,germination potential,germination index,seedling root length,stem length,root fresh weight,bud fresh weight,vigor index and other indexes had increased.High concentration of potassium salt(90mmol/L)had the greatest inhibition effect on the germination of Holland star variety and Red variety.The difference was significant comparing with the control group.The germination rate and other germination indexes of cherry seeds of Holland star variety under the same level of salt concentration treatments were better than those of Red variety.⑵The single factor of growth and development of cherry radish was affected by the amount of fertilizer and irrigation volume.The effects of three single factors on the growth,photosynthesis,yield and quality of Holland star cherry radish were studied.The three factors are irrigation amount,potassium amount and boron amount.The results are as follows:(1)When irrigation was 200ml/pot,the highest height(10.1cm),the maximum leaf number(6.6),the maximum leaf area(48.7cm2),the maximum net photosynthetic rate(30.97μmol CO2·m-2·s-1),the largest fresh weight(7.44g),the maximum fresh weight of root(6.47g),the lowest nitrate content(941.0mg/kg)and the highest content of soluble sugar(33.1%)had appeared;With the amount of water increasing,the number of leaves of cherry radish increased,the leaf area increased,the net photosynthetic rate increased,the amount of photosynthate increased,the fresh weight increased and the soluble sugar content increased.(2)When the amount of potassium fertilizer was at 0.4g kg-1 soil,the growth of cherry radish was best,the plant height was highest(9.8cm),the leaf number was highest(6.4),the leaf area was largest(37.0cm2),the net photosynthetic rate was highest(29.08μmol CO2·m-2·s-1),the fresh weight on the ground was largest(4.91g),the root fresh weight was largest(5.17g),the nitrate content was lowest and the soluble protein was highest,the content of soluble sugar was highest(30.7%).With the potassium fertilizer increasing,cherry radish changed as downwards parabola trend.The suitable amount of potassium fertilizer could increase photosynthesis rate,promote plant growth,increase fresh weight,reduce nitrate content,increase soluble protein content and soluble sugar content.(3)When the amount of boron fertilizer was 0.5mg kg-1 soil,the plant growth was better,the plant height was highest(9.8cm),the number of leaves was highest(6.4),the leaf area was largest(36.0cm2),the net photosynthetic rate was highest(28.84μmol CO2·m-2·s-1),the nitrate content was lowest(1273.2mg/kg),the soluble protein content(1.68g/kg)and soluble sugar content(29.7%)were highest.A certain range amount of boron fertilizer could promote plant growth and development.⑶The effects of fertilization and irrigation amount on the growth and development of cherry radish were studied.Taking Holland star cherry radish as the research object,the three factors and three levels were determined by the weighted scoring method.The effect of each combination treatment on cherry radish was determined by using the L9(34)orthogonal table design.Compared with the control group,the other treatments were well developed,and their yield and quality were improved.Again,the optimal combination treatment was W3K2B3 treatment with nitrate content,soluble protein content,soluble sugar content and yield as the weighted score index.W3K2B3 means 200ml/pot irrigation amount,0.4g·kg-1 soil potassium fertilizer amount,and 1.0mg·kg-1 soil boron fertilizer amount.It indicated that the amount of boron fertilizer can increase moderately under large irrigation volume,while little influence on the yield and quality of cherry radish.In the orthogonal test,the highest height(10.0cm),the maximum leaf number(6.7),the maximum leaf area(44.7cm2),the maximum fresh weight of above ground(7.10g),the maximum fresh weight of root(6.09g),the highest net photosynthetic rate(30.64μmol CO2·m-2·s-1),the lowest nitrate content(959.5mg/kg),and the highest soluble sugar content(32.8%)showed that W3K2B3 treatment is the best treatment at the same time.In the single factor test,the total score of 200ml/pot irrigation amount and 0.4g·kg-1 soil potassium fertilizer amount was the highest respectively.Therefore,the W3K2B3 treatment was most beneficial to the growth and development of cherry radish under the current cultivation conditions.The treatment could be applied under the similar conditions.