| In recent years,due to the applications of rain-shelter cultivation and chemical dormancy releasers,the grape industry has developed rapidly in south China.In Guangzhou and the Pearl River Delta region,the rise of urban leisure and tourism agriculture and the rising demand of consumers are driving the increased planting of table grape in Guangzhou.However,in the selection of grape varieties,it is necessary to take into account the adaptability of each introduced grape to the climate of Guangzhou,and also to take into account the high yield and quality of the grape,and at the same time pay attention to resistance todiseases.Therefore,a comprehensive evaluation of different grape varieties and selection of table grape varieties suitable for planting in Guangzhou are of great significance to the development of the grape industry in Guangzhou and even in south China.In this study,thirteen grape varieties under sheltered cultivation were used as test materials,including 'Summer Black','Zuijinxiang','Shine Muscat','Super Queen','Jingmi','Houman','Zitian','Jingyan','Jingui','Jingxiangyu','Xiongbao' and 'Tianqing'.The twoseason cultivation treatments were tried to investigate the phenophase,vine vigor and flowering and fruiting habits of each cultivar,and the photosynthetic rate of these cultivars was measured,and the quality traits of their fruit,with or without enlargement treatment,were compared.In terms of tree vigor,the growth of 'Zitian','Jingmi','Jingyan' and 'Jingxiangyu' was significantly weaker than that of the other varieties.The photosynthetic rate of ' Houman ' was the highest among the tested varieties,while the photosynthetic rates of 'Super Queen','Xiongbao',and 'Jinggui' were significantly lower than those of other varieties.'Sunshine Muscat' was the slowest in leaf shedding and dormancy development,followed by 'Houman',while 'Super Queen' was the earliest to shed leaves and enter dormancy status followed by ''Summer Black' and 'Jinggui'.'Summer Black','Jingui' and 'Jingmi' had the strongest flowering and fruit-setting abilities.These varieties could be easily induced two crops in a year.However,the 'Super queen' and 'Xiongbao' had poor flowering and fruiting performances.In terms of fruit quality,each variety had its unqiue characteristics.‘Shine Muscat' had the highest score of organoleptic quality,followed by ‘Summer Black' and ‘Tengyu',while ‘Super Queen' and ‘Jingyan' had the lowest scores.After applying the fruit expanding growth regulators fruit size and quality in 'Summer Black','Zuijinxiang','Shine Muscat','Super Queen','Houman','Jingyan','Jingxiangyu' and 'Xiongbao' were significantly improved.The treatment showed elongating effect on fruit of 'Summer Black' and ‘Jingyan' with increased fruit shape index,and had widening effect on 'Xiongbao' fruit with significant reduction in fruit shape indext.In respect to disease incidences,'Tengy','Summer Black' and 'Zitian' showed lowest disease incidences.However,‘Jingui',‘Zuijinxiang' suffered the most severe powdery mildew;'Jingmi','Jingya','Jingxiangyu' ‘Tianqing' and 'Xiongbao' were seriously affected by gray mold and fruit cracking.In addition,the experimental results also show that,under rain shelter cultivation in Guangzhou,fruit developed faster in the second crop(winter crop)than in the first crop(the summer crop).Putting together all the measured indexes reflecting the biological features,a comprehensive comparion of the biological characteristics of various varieties was carried out based on principal component analysis,which generated a list of comprehensive evaluation scores of these varieties.,The result suggested top selection of table grape varieties for cultivation in Guangzhou,including 'Summer Black',‘Shine Muscat',‘Tengyu',‘Houman' and ‘Zitian'. |
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