Study On The Absorption And Utilization Of N,P,K And The Effect Of Planting Density And Fertilization On The Yield And Quality Of Vaccaria Segetalis

Vaccariae Semen is the dried matured seeds of Vaccaria segetalis belonging to Caryophyllaceae.It has the effect of activing blood flow,promoting lactation,relieving swelling,diuresis.At present,the raw material of Vaccariae Semen is mainly from artificial cultivation,and its biological basis and standardized cultivation techniques are relatively weak.The dynamic changes in the absorption and utilization of N,P and K in different growth period of Vaccariae Semen,effect of different planting density and fertilization on growth and development,yield and quality were discussed.The main results are as follows:1 The contents of N,P and K in vegetative organs?stem,leaf,root?and reproduction organs?bud,flower,fruit?showed a trend of firstly increasing and then decreasing.The N content of roots at returning green stage was the highest,and the contents of P and K were the highest at jointing stage;The contents of N,P and K in the stems were highest at jointing stage;The conten of N in the leaves was highest at jointing stage,and the contents of P and K were highest at squaring stage;The contents of N,P and K in the reproduction organs were all highest at squaring stage,and the contents of N,P and K in the flower and fruit were reduced afterwards.The accumulation and distribution of N,P and K in various organs were changed with different of growth period.The N accumulation in leaves per plant was highest at initial flowering stage,which was 142.45mg,and accumulations of P and K were highest at full fruiting stage,which were 28.32 mg and 146.11 mg respectively;The N and P accumulations in stem per plant were all highest at fruiting stage,which were80.10mg and 36.90mg respectively,the accumulation of K was the highest at mature stage,which was the 193.89 mg.The accumulation of N,P and K in the reproductive organs per plant were highest at mature stage,which were 311.95mg,94.35mg,and 194.17mg respectively,accounted for 70.36%,68.44%,and 35.43%of the whole plant respectively;the accumulation of N,P and K in the root were significantly lower than that in other organs,and the ratio of maturity to maturity was 0.95%to 3.32%.2 The planting density has a significant affects on the growth and development,yield quality of Vaccariae Semen.With the increase of planting density,the number of first grade branch,the number of twice grade branch,the number of effective fruits and the number of grains all decrease with the increase of planting density,and showed A4>A3>A2>A1.The yield of different planting density treatments was significantly different.and the yield of A1 treatment was the highest,which was 4115.00kg/hm²,followed by A2 treatment of3990.00kg/hm².Different planting density treatments in total ash,alcohol extract content and vaccarin content were also significanly different,the total ash content was the highest2.33%of A1 treatment,the alcohol extract content of A2 treatment was the highest 7.80%and vaccarin content of A3 treatment was the highest,which was 0.449%.The A2 treatment had the largest accumulation vaccarin by 17.716 kg/hm²,which was significantly higher than that of other treatments.3 With the increase of N fertilizer application,the accumulation of N and K in plants above ground were increased significantly.The N and K accumulation of plants above ground in B4 treatment was highest,which were 500.72mg and 500.76mg at the mature stage respectively,the P accumulation of plants above ground in B3 treatment was highest,which was 147.14mg.The yield and quality of Vaccariae Semen were increased significantly with the increase of N fertilizer application,the B4 treatment of biological yield and economic yield were the highest,which were 10662.50kg/hm² and4040.00kg/hm²,and there no significant difference between the two B4 treatment and B3treatment,but both of them were significantly higher than that those of B1 treatment and B2 treatment;With the increase of N fertilizer application,the alcohol extract content and vaccarin content were significantly decreased,and B1 treatment were highest,which were7.67%and 0.492%respectively,but vaccarin accumulation of B3 treatment was the highest,which was 18.162kg/hm²,followed by B4 treatment,Both of them were significantly higher than that those of B1 treatment and B2 treatment.4 There was a significant difference in the accumulation of N,P and K between different fertilization types,yield and quality of different fertilization types were significantly different yet.The accumulation of N and K in the plant above ground all showed C4>C3>C2>C1,and accumulation of P was C4>C2>C3>C1.The dry matter accumulation of plant above ground,biological yield and economic yield were the highest in C4 treatment,which were 46.10g/plant,11525.00kg/hm² and 4267.50kg/hm²respectively,which were significantly higher than those of other treatments.The total ash content,alcohol extract,and the content of vaccarin of each treatment were all in accordance with the 2015 edition of China Pharmacopoeia,the highest total ash content was 2.34%with treatment of C2,the highest Vaccarin content was 0.495%with treatment of C1,the highest alcohol extract content was 7.77%with treatment of C4,and the vaccarin accumulation of C4 treatment was the highest,which was 20.015kg/hm².Conclusion:In this study,the results revealed characteristics of the absorption and utilization of N,P and K in various organs during the different growth stages of Vaccariae Semen,and the suitable planting density of Vaccariae Semen was determined to be 10 cm x40cm,and the organic fertilizer?1500kg/hm²?and inorganic fertilizer?N 150 kg/hm²,P₂O₅150kg/hm²,K₂O 150kg/hm²?application technology were determined,which organic fertilizer and P fertilizer,K fertilizer all as base fertilizer,N fertilizer of 40%as base fertilizer,N fertilizer of 60%as topdressing at squaring stage.