Physiological And Biochemical Effects Of Discharge Plasma On Seed Germination Of Wheat

Wheat is the second largest food crop in China.The vigor of wheat seed is of great significance in agricultural production.The high vigor of the wheat seed means that wheat can germinate and grow better to promote incomes and enhance its resistance to stress.Plasma treatment technology is to collide with the seeds by the high-energy particles,free radicals and radiation generated by the discharge process,and transfer the energy to make the physiological and biochemical indexes of the treated seeds change in favorable direction.Nowadays,plasma processing technology has been widely used as a kind of physical processing technology and has made some achievements.This paper selects Xiaoyan 22 wheat cultivar,atmospheric discharge plasma at different doses(9 kV,11 kV,13 kV,15 kV,17 kV)and different discharge plasma types(argon plasma,nitrogen plasma,oxygen plasma,air Plasma treatment of wheat seeds for germination experiments and determination of a series of physiological and biochemical indicators.Through the analysis of the seed germination rate,germination index,germination index,vitality index,seed coat water absorption,root shoot length,fresh dry weight and other macro indicators and amylase activity,soluble sugar,soluble protein and other physiological indicators of plasma on wheat seeds Influencing effects,the initial screening of the optimal treatment dose and the optimal plasma type will lay the foundation for subsequent related research and application.However,different species and even varieties of crops,the sensitivity of the plasma is different.the dose problem of plasma is not completely determined,and there is no systematic study on the effect of different plasma types on wheat.Therefore,this experiment is carried out.1.After a certain period of plasma treatment,the wheat seeds have various changes in their macro-indicators and physiological indicators.The germination potential reached a maximum at discharge voltage of 11 kV,which is 19.6% higher than that of the control group.The 11 and 13 kV voltage treatments all significantly increased the seed germination rate.There was no significant difference between 11 and 13 kV treatments.The highest germination rate reached 95.7%;the seed germination index and vigor index reached the maximum at 11 kV.Root length was up to 2094.0 mm(p<0.001)at 11 kV,which was 33.1%higher than that of the control and the bud length was up to 523.7 mm(p=0.002).The treatment with significantly improved seed coat water absorption was 11 kV.13 kV,increased by 28.6% and 37.9%,respectively,permeability was increased by 20.8% and 26.1% at 11 and13 kV;enzyme activity and soluble protein were increased by 50.9% and 15.2% at 13 kV,respectively;17 kV treatment on germination and physiology of wheat There was no significant improvement in the indicators.It can be concluded that the optimal dose of atmospheric pressure plasma is 11-13 kV.SEM photographs of seeds and seed coats treated with plasma of 11 kV also showed that cracks appeared in seed coats,and free starch grains increased,changing the internal structure and characteristics of seeds.2.The wheat seeds were treated with different plasma types.The macroscopic and physiological biochemical indexes also changed in varying degrees.Argon,nitrogen,and air plasma treatments significantly increased the seed germination potential,reaching 35.5%,28.0%,and 24.0%,respectively.The indices also increased by 22.5%,18.4%,and 11.9%,respectively,and the root lengths increased by 19.8%,15.3%,and 11.8%,respectively.The water absorption of wheat seed coats after air plasma,nitrogen plasma,and argon plasma treatment increased by 37.9%,respectively.Permeability was increased by 26.1%,35.0%,and38.4%,and the soluble protein content was increased by 15.2%,25.6%,and 31.7%,respectively,while the oxygen plasma had no significant effect on each index.Taken together,air,nitrogen,and argon plasma treatment can significantly promote the germination of wheat and promote the growth of wheat germination.The SEM photographs of wheat seed coat structure before and after treatment with different discharge plasma types also showed that the argon plasma destruction was the most serious,and the oxygen plasma did not change significantly.