Effects Of Different Cultivation Patterns On Growth And Photosynthetic Characteristics Of Cherry

In this paper,the study of Sweet cherry rootstock,pruning tree shape,variety selection and photosynthetic characteristics was used to lay a theoretical foundation for producing sweet cherry with high yield and high quality.In this study,"Hongdeng/ZY-1,Hongdeng/G6,Hongdeng/CDR-1 and Hongdeng/CDR-2/CDR-1"4 kinds of anvil spike combinations as test materials.The effects of different rootstocks or rootstock combinations on the’Hongdeng’tree potential and photosynthetic characteristics were studied under the slender spindle cultivation model of Cherry.Take the"Sunburst/CDR-1"as the test material,The effects of ultra-slender spindle shape,slender spindle shape and V-shaped tree shape on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of’Sunburst’trees were studied.A variety of cherry varieties’Lapins’、’Jimmy’、’Summit’、’Litt’and’Rainier’were grafted on rootstock Prunus mahaleb CDR-1,grafted on the rootstock Mahaleb CDR-1,was used as the test material.The differences of tree potential and photosynthetic characteristics of different cultivars under the same cultivated tree pattern were studied.The characteristics of photosynthesis were compared through the bioanalysis of tree potential of three experimental treatments.The results of this study are as follows:1.The comparison test results of cherry Rootstocks showed that the main stem and tree height of Prunus mahaleb CDR-1 grafting cultivars were significantly higher（P<0.05）:"Hongdeng/CDR-1">"Hongdeng/G6">"Hongdeng/ZY-1">"Hongdeng/CDR-2/CDR-1";Comparison result of major branch quantity:"Hongdeng/CDR-1">"Hongdeng/ZY-1">"Hong deng/CDR-2/CDR-1">"Hongdeng/G6";Amount of branch（be smaller than:20 cm）:"Hongdeng/G6">"Hongdeng/CDR-2/CDR-1">"Hongdeng/ZY-1">"Hongdeng/CDR-1".The comparison test of 4 kinds of anvil and spike combinations shows,"Hongdeng/CDR-2/CDR-1"has more fruit setting number than the other three rootstocks,the"Hongdeng/CDR-1"had the highest yield of the four rootstocks.2.Through the analysis of photosynthetic characteristics,the following results are obtained:The photosynthetic efficiency of"Hongdeng/CDR-1"was the highest under the same weak light condition.The highest in AQY、LCP、R_d,which fully shows that the photosynthetic performance of the"Hongdeng/CDR-1"is the highest.The diurnal variation trend of Pn、Tr、Gs showed a"double peak"curve,indicating the phenomenon of"midday depression"of photosynthesis.The Ci tends to be"U",The CE and Pn are roughly the same,The WUE in one day showed a downward trend,Ls first increased sharply,then slowly decreased,and finally dropped sharply.The photosynthetic characteristics of Prunus mahaleb CDR-1 grafted cultivars were the best among the 4 rootstocks,revealing the mechanism of"red light/cdr-1"tree growth and high yield.3.By comparing the tree potential of sweet cherry with different tree shapes of the same rootstock and the same variety,The differences of tree growth between the three tree shapes and the sweet cherry were obtained:There was no significant difference in root diameter between"ultra-slender spindle"and"slender spindle"tree,but both of them were significantly higher than"V-shaped";The annual variation of tree height and major branch quantity was the same as that of rhizome diameter;The number of amount of branch in 2015and 2016 were not significantly different from those in"super-slender spindle"and"slender spindle",but they were significantly higher than those in"V-shaped",and there was no significant difference among the three tree shapes in 2017.Under three kinds of tree shape,The output of trees in the shape of super-slender spindles is higher than that in the shape of slender spindles and V-shaped shapes,The early fruit of the"V shape"tree is better than that of"super long spindles"and"spindly spindles".4.The photosynthetic characteristics of different trees forms of sweet cherry"Sunburst"are as follows:The Pn_max at 23.714—26.424μmol·m^-2·s^-1,AQY at 0.0448—0.0508,LCP at44.916—48.166μmol·m^-2·s^-1,R_d at 1.868—2.218μmol·m^-2·s^-1。The"Pn_max"、"AQY"、"LCP"and"R_d"of the"super long spindles"are higher than those of"V"and"slim spindles";The diurnal variation trends and values of Ci and Ls in the three tree shapes were basically the same.Among the indexes such as Gs,Tr,the"super-slender spindle"and"V-shaped"tree are better than the"slender spindle"tree.It can be concluded that The photosynthetic characteristics and yield of"Super slender Spindle"were higher than those of the other two tree forms,The photosynthetic characteristics of V-shaped tree are slightly worse than that of ultra-slender fusiform tree,but its early fruiting property is the best.5.By comparing the tree potential of different varieties of sweet cherry with the same rootstock and the same tree shape,It is concluded that the total tree growth sequence of five different sweet cherry varieties is as follows:"Litt">"Lapins">"Rainier">"Summit">"Jimmy".Meanwhile,The yield of"Litt"is the best of the five varieties,"Lapins"and"Rainier"had better early fruiting properties than the other three varieties.6.Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics of 5 different sweet cherry cultivars shows that,Pn_maxax at 23.714—26.614μmol·m^-2·s^-1,AQY at 0.0427—0.0508,LCP at 40.055—48.166μmol·m^-2·s^-1,R_d at 1.631—2.218μmol·m^-2·s^-1。Among them,the"Litt"variety of Gs,Tr,Pn is the highest.The Ci are basically the same,ranging from 180²80μmol·m^-2·s^-1;The diurnal variation trend and value of CE,WUE and Ls are basically the same.The maximum difference of the maximum value of CE except the"litt"variety shows that the RuBP carboxylation efficiency of the"litt"variety is higher than that of the other 4 varieties.Four photosynthetic indexes of Pn_max,AQY,LCP and R_d showed that there were no significant differences in other four varieties except for"Jimmy".Thus,The photosynthetic characteristics and tree growth of three varieties,"litt","Lapins"and"Rainier",are better and suitable for large area open field cultivation.