Study On Nutrient Uptake And Distribution, Yield And Quality Formation Of Different Grain-type Peanut Varieties

The experiment was conducted in Shenyang Agricultural University in 2016 and2017.The test materials were large grain type ofHuayu22,medium grain type ofHuayu20,medium grain type of Tieyinhua2 and small grain type of Nonghua16.Not only were the morphological changes,dry matter changes,photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient uptake and distribution of different grain type peanut varieties studied.The morphology,dry matter weight,water content,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient uptake and distribution,pod yield,yield components and seed kernel quality of pods were also studied.In order to provide theoretical basis for high yield and high quality production of peanut in Liaoning province,the nutrient absorption and distribution,pods formation and yield and quality formation of peanut varieties of different grain types were explored.The main findings are as follows:1.The results of morphological development of peanut varieties with different grain types show that the main stem height,side branch length and leaf area indexaccords with the characteristics of"S"type growth curve.And the yield was positively correlated with the height of the main stem.Different grain types had a certain effect on the height of the main stem,and the variation trend of lateral branch length was the same as that of the main stem height.And grain type had little effect on leaf area index.2.The changes of organ dry weight of different grain type peanut varieties are in accordance with the"S"growth pattern.And the dry matter of each organ of large grain type was high.3.The photosynthetic characteristics of peanut varieties with different grain types are different.Leaf photosynthesis was stronger in pod setting stage than in flowering needle stage.Both Pn and Gs showed an increasing trend during the development from anther needle period to pod setting stage.The growth of Gs provides sufficient CO₂ for photosynthesis.Ci and Tr decreased during the development from anther to pod-setting.Leaf color value showed the effect of grain type on photosynthetic characteristics of leaves was not significant.4.The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in root,stem,leaf and fruit needle of different grain type peanut varieties were increased first and then decreased.The nutrient content of each vegetative organ decreased rapidly,and the decreasing rate depended on the nutrient absorption of pods.The potassium content of pods was the same as that of vegetative organs.The content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the pods of large grain type Huayu22 was concentrated in pods,and the yield was increased.The small grain type Nonghua16 was mainly concentrated in other organs,which resulted in lower nutrient content of pods and lower yield.5.The changes of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation in different grain type peanut varieties accord with the characteristics of"S"type growth curve.The fastest accumulation time of N,P and K in Nonghua16 was earlier,and the above ground part is well developed,which resulted in insufficient accumulation of nutrients in pods and low yield.6.The changes of pod length,pod width,pod thickness and pods volume in different grain type peanut varieties accord with the characteristics of"S"type growth curve.The shape and size of pods directly determine the shape of pods.7.The changes of pod dry weight and seed kernel dry weight of different grain type peanut varieties accord with the characteristics of"S"type growth curve.The change of pod dry weight comes from the change of seed kernel dry weight.The fastest time of seed dry weight accumulation of different grain type peanut varieties.The faster dry weight accumulation occurred,the higher the yield was.8.It can be used in the formation of water in different peanut varieties with different grain types.The results showed that the grain size was positively correlated with pods water content.The difference of pods water content originates from the difference of seed and kernel water content.9.The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in pods and kernels of different seed type peanut varieties changed in the opposite trend.The change of potassium content in seed kernels was consistent with the change of pods potassium content and showed a decreasing trend.The content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in seed kernels was higher in large grain type and lower in pod peel,but opposite in small grain type.10.The protein content of seed kernels of different grain type peanut varieties increased first and then stabilized,the large grain type has more advantages in quality.11.The yield and yield components of peanut varieties with different grain types were studied.Yield formation,large grain type cultivar Huayu22>medium grain type variety Huayu20>small grain variety Nonghua16>medium grain type variety Tieyinhua2.Separately high 11.70%、11.79%and 19.85%.The factors of high yield of Huayu22,a large grain variety,were as follows:first,the height of main stem,the length of lateral branches,the maximum dry weight of pods,the higher nutrient accumulation of whole plant on nutrient absorption,and third,the most late time of dry matter accumulation of seed kernel.The accumulation of dry matter of seed kernel is sufficient,the accumulation of dry matter of seed kernel is the largest,the water content of pods is the largest,the water is sufficient,and the weight of 100fruit is the largest.12.Determination of seed kernel quality of peanut varieties of different grain types at maturity stage showed that there was a negative correlation between seed fat content and seed protein content in different grain type peanut varieties,and the ratio of O/L acid was the largest in large grain type peanut varieties,which indicated that large grain peanut had some advantages in storage tolerance.