| The experiment was carried out in the south experimental base of Shenyang Agricultural University in 2017 and 2018.Nonghua5 peanut was used as the test material under the condition of normal application of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium fertilizer and other medium and micro fertilizers,such as calcium,molybdenum,zinc,iron,boron and so on.The effects of the morphology of peanut,dry matter accumulation,photosynthetic physiological characteristics,protective enzyme activity,lipid peroxide,absorption,distribution and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,yield and seed quality were obtained in order to obtain the best combined application scheme of medium and micro fertilizer.The physiological mechanism of growth and development,yield and quality formation was discussed,which provided theoretical basis for guiding field production.The main findings are as follows:1.The combined application of calcium and molybdenum fertilizer(T1)promoted the vegetative growth of peanut,while the combined application of zinc(T2),iron(T3)and boric fertilizer(T4)inhibited the elongation of main stem height of peanut.T1 treatment was the most favorable for root morphological development among all the medium and micro fertilizer application treatments,with significant promoting effect.2.The dry matter accumulation of all organs treated with calcium-molybdenum(T1),calcium-molybdenum-zinc(T2)and calcium-molybdenum-iron(T3)increased,among which T1 treatment had the most significant influence on the change of dry matter accumulation of all organs,reaching a significant difference level at the full fruit maturity stage(P<0.05),and calcium-molybdenum-boron(T4)showed an inhibitory effect.3.The chlorophyll content of T4 treatment increased significantly.After the application of micro fertilizer,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)increased in the anthesis and pod stage,and the intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)showed a decreasing trend.4.The accumulation amount of nitrogen increased and the fastest time of nitrogen accumulation was delayed,and the accumulation rate remained high.T1 treatment increased significantly.The accumulation of phosphorus in T1,T2 and T3 treatment increased,while T4 treatment decreased,which promoted the early absorption of phosphate fertilizer and maintained a higher accumulation rate.T1 treatment increased significantly.The trend of potassium accumulation was consistent with that of phosphorus.5.In the ripening stage of full fruit,the combined application of micro-fertilizer could delay the decline rate of SOD activity,prevent the decline of POD and CAT activity,and inhibit the rise of MDA content,among which T1 treatment was the best.In the aspect of root activity,the combined application of calcium and molybdenum,calcium,molybdenum and zinc and calcium and ferric molybdenum all promoted root activity,while the combined application of calcium,molybdenum and boron inhibited root activity to a small extent.6.In terms of the effect of medium and small fertilizer combination on yield and its constituent factors,the yield of peanuts treated with T1,T2 and T3 increased,among which T1 treatment increased significantly,increasing by 14.06% and 16.31% respectively in two years,followed by T2 and T3 treatment,and T4 inhibited the yield of flowers.In terms of yield components,the increase of T1 treatment was attributed to the significant increase of all yield components.7.It can be seen that the protein content of calcium ferric molybdenum(T3)was significantly increased,lysine,serine and arginine content was the highest,and oleic acid/linoleic acid(O/L)ratio was the highest.The soluble sugar content of seed kernel increased at the mature stage of T3 and T4 treatment,and reached a significant difference between T3 treatment and CK treatment.In terms of seed kernel starch content,the seed kernel starch content increased at the mature stage of all treatments,and T2 treatment showed the most significant change.In summary,in terms of yield,the calcium-molybdenum fertilizer(T1)had the highest yield,with an average of 5176.08 kg·hm-2.Under this treatment,Nonghua5 peanut had a more reasonable plant morphology and good growth and development status,thus promoting the dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption of the plant,and further improving the yield.In terms of quality,the calcium,molybdenum and boron treatment(T3)had the best quality,with significantly higher protein content than the control group,and the highest lysine,serine,arginine and soluble sugar content,which improved the taste of peanuts,and the higher oleic acid/linoleic acid(O/L)ratio,indicating its high storage resistance. |
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