Effects Of Zinc And NAC On Liver And Kidney Pathological Damage In Cadmium Poisoned Chickens

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal,and its pollution can cause serious toxic damage to humans and animals.It is extremely harmful to health.The intensification of environmental cadmium pollution has led to the entry of large quantities of cadmium ions into the biological world,causing the accumulation of cadmium in plants and animals.Cadmium can cause substantial damage to humans and animals.These organs involve the brain,muscle,liver,kidneys,pancreas and testicles.The liver and kidneys are the most important target organs for cadmium poisoning,and the damage is also the most serious.For the prevention and treatment of cadmium poisoning has been an insurmountable problem,at present,people have not found effective measures to antagonize cadmium poisoning.This experiment aims to observe the pathological effects of cadmium on chicken liver and kidney toxicity and the effect of zinc and NAC on cadmium poisoning chicken liver and kidney pathological damage.A chicken cadmium poisoning model was established by intramuscular injection of Cd2+(1 mg/kg body weight,5 mg/kg body weight)to AA broilers to study the pathological lesions of chicken liver and kidney at different time points(10 d,20 d).At the same time,Zn2+ and NAC were supplemented to cadmium-infected broiler chickens to study the effects of Zn2+,NAC,and their synergistic effects on the pathological damage of liver and kidney caused by cadmium poisoning.The results show:(1)Cadmium poisoning can cause chicken liver and kidney concentration-time-dependent pathological damage.At 1 mg/kg body weight for 10 days of Cd2+ challenge,the liver of chickens developed congestion,the outline of hepatocytes was fuzzy,vacuolar structures appeared in the cytoplasm,and some of the hepatocyte nuclei disintegrated and disappeared.Renal manifestations are hyperemia and hemorrhage,tubular lumen morphology is incomplete,and a small amount of epithelial cells are lysed and detached,and some cells undergo granule degeneration.With the prolongation of the cadmium challenge time,the pathological changes in the liver and kidneys of chickens are more pronounced and the damage is more serious.Compared with low-concentration cadmium treatment,chicken liver bleeding was more severe after challenge with 5 mg/kg body weight of Cd2+,and the structure of hepatocyte vacuolization was more pronounced.The phenomenon of particle degeneration was also observed.Degeneration and necrosis of liver cells are serious,accompanied by a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration,there are a large number of vacuoles in the cytoplasm of liver cells,and the direction of hepatic sinusoids is disordered.Kidney becomes renal interstitial hemorrhage,and the congestion is serious.It is filled with a large number of red blood cells.The tubular lumen morphology is seriously damaged,the intercellular space is enlarged,the infiltration of inflammatory cells increases,and a large number of renal tubular cells appear nuclear disintegration and disappear.(2)Adding Zn2+ alone can effectively inhibit liver and kidney pathological damage caused by cadmium poisoning.After Zn2+ was injected into cadmium-poisoned chickens,the liver lesions of the diseased chickens were lighter,which was manifested in the reduction of liver congestion,decreased cytoplasmic vacuolation in liver cells,decreased hepatic cell degeneration,and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration.The degree of renal damage was reduced,congestion and hemorrhage were reduced,tubular lumen morphology improved,epithelial cell lysis and shedding were reduced,renal cell vacuolar structure was reduced,gaps between cells became smaller,closely arranged,and the amount of inflammatory cells decreased.The phenomenon of nuclear disintegration and disappearance was significantly reduced.(3)The addition of NAC can effectively alleviate the liver and kidney pathological damage caused by cadmium poisoning.After supplementing NAC with cadmium-infected broiler chickens,the liver's congestion was reduced,the vacuolar structure in the cytoplasm was reduced,the phenomenon of nuclear disintegration was alleviated,the degeneration of hepatocyte granules was reduced,and the inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced.The kidneys also showed marked recovery,manifested as reduced renal congestion,decreased red blood cell infiltration,less cell lysis,shedding,reduced intercellular gaps,and significantly reduced cellular vacuolization and inflammatory cell infiltration.(4)Co-inhibitory effect of Zn2+ and NAC on pathological injury of liver and kidney caused by cadmium poisoning.Compared with the use of Zn2+ and NAC alone,the combined addition of Zn2+ and NAC can further reduce the toxicity of cadmium poisoning on chicken liver and kidney.The hemorrhagic phenomenon in the liver and kidneys was further reduced,the infiltration of inflammatory cells was significantly reduced,cell vacuolation and degeneration were reduced,and cell integrity and tissue structure were significantly improved.The results showed that cadmium poisoning could cause liver and kidney pathological damage in chickens.Zn2+ and NAC and their synergistic effects could alleviate the liver and kidney pathological damage in cadmium poisoned chickens.