| Cadmium（Cd）is a widely used metal and a common contaminant of heavy metals.Cadmium metabolism is slow after entering the body,can be stored for a long time,biological half-life is long,can damage a variety of tissues and organs,and is associated with the occurrence of cancer.Aloin and paeoniflorin（PF）are natural antioxidants,which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.This experiment was conducted to study the toxic effects of different doses of cadmium chloride on mice,and to study the effects of aloin and paeoniflorin on cadmium-induced liver and kidney injury in mice.In this experiment,24 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 mice in each group.Experimental animal models were established:0.0 mg/kg（control group）,0.5 mg/kg,1.0 mg/kg,1.5 mg/kg,2.0 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg dosage groups.It is given every two days for two weeks.After experimental treatment,mice were weighed and blood collected.Calculate body weight increase and organ coefficient.The serum biochemical indexes of mice were determined to explore the toxicity of cadmium chloride on mice.Then 30 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with 5 mice in each group.Establishment of experimental animal model:blank control group,cadmium chloride model group（Cd Cl21.5 mg/kg）,aloin low-dose group（aloin 25mg/kg+Cd Cl21.5 mg/kg）,aloin high-dose group（aloin 50 mg/kg+Cd Cl21.5 mg/kg）,paeoniflorin low-dose group（PF 30 mg/kg+Cd Cl21.5 mg/kg）and paeoniflorin high-dose group（PF 60 mg/kg+Cd Cl21.5 mg/kg）were administered every two days for two weeks.After the experiment,the weight increase and organ coefficient of mice,the serum biochemical indexes of mice,the concentration of some antioxidant enzymes in tissues and the concentration of oxidative products in tissues were determined.Morphological observation was made on liver and kidney tissues to explore the effects of aloin and paeoniflorin on liver and kidney toxicity of cadmium chloride in mice.The test results are as follows:1.Cd Cl2 to the toxic effect of mice（1）The changes of body weight gain and organ coefficient of mice:The body weight gain of 1.0 mg/kg dose group,2.0 mg/kg dose group and 2.5 mg/kg dose group was significantly lower than that of control group（P<0.05）.Compared with the control group,liver coefficients were significantly increased in all doses of cadmium chloride treatment groups（P<0.05）.The renal coefficient in 2.0 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg dose groups was significantly lower than that in the other four groups（P<0.05）.（2）Changes of serum biochemical indices:Serum ALT in 1.5 mg/kg,2.0 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg dose groups was significantly higher than that in control group（P<0.01）.Serum AST in 1.5 mg/kg,2.0 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg groups was significantly higher than that in control group（P<0.01）.Serum ALP in 1.0 mg/kg,1.5 mg/kg,2.0 mg/kg and 2.5mg/kg dosage groups was significantly higher than that in control group（P<0.05）.Serum Cr level in all dose groups was significantly higher than that in control group（P<0.05）.Serum Urea of 2.0 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg groups was significantly higher than that of control group（P<0.01）.Serum IL-1βlevels in 1.0 mg/kg,1.5 mg/kg,2.0 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg dosage groups were significantly higher than those in control group（P<0.05）.Serum IL-6 levels in 2.0 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than those in control group（P<0.05）.Serum TNF-αin 2.0 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg groups was significantly higher than that in control group（P<0.01）.2.Effects of aloin and paeoniflorin on cadmium-induced liver and kidney toxicity in mice（1）The changes of body weight increase and organ coefficient of mice:The body weight increase of cadmium chloride model group was significantly lower than that of blank control group and aloin low-dose group（P<0.05）.The liver coefficient of high dose paeoniflorin group was significantly lower than that of cadmium chloride model group（P<0.05）.There was no significant difference in renal coefficient among all groups.（2）Changes of serum biochemical indices:The serum ALT level in the cadmium chloride model group was significantly higher than that in the other five groups（P<0.05）,there was no significant difference between blank control group and aloin low-dose group.The serum AST level of cadmium chloride model group was significantly higher than that of the other five groups（P<0.05）.The serum ALP level of cadmium chloride model group was significantly higher than that of blank control group,aloin low-dose group and paeoniflorin high-dose group（P<0.05）.The serum Cr level in the cadmium chloride model group was significantly higher than that in the other five groups（P<0.05）.The serum Urea level of aloin low dose group was lower than that of cadmium chloride model group（P<0.05）.Serum IL-1βlevel of blank control group,aloin low-dose group,aloin high-dose group,paeoniflorin low-dose group and high dose group was significantly lower than that of cadmium chloride model group（P<0.05）.Serum IL-6 level of aloin high-dose group,low dose group and high dose group was significantly lower than that of cadmium chloride model group（P<0.05）.The serum TNF-αlevel of blank control group,aloin low-dose group and aloin high-dose group was significantly lower than that of cadmium chloride model group（P<0.05）.（3）Histopathological observation of liver:No significant pathological changes were observed in the liver sections of blank control group.In the cadmium chloride model group,the volume of hepatocytes increased,cytoplasmic and inflammatory cells increased.The lesions of aloin low-dose group,aloin high-dose group,paeoniflorin low-dose group and paeoniflorin high-dose group were milder than those of cadmium chloride model group,and no inflammatory reaction was observed.（4）Histopathological observation of kidney:No significant pathological changes were observed in the kidney HE stained sections of blank control group,while pathological changes such as renal tubular epithelial cell swelling,partial epithelial cell injury and exfoliation,and inflammatory cell increase were observed in the cadmium chloride model group.The lesions of aloin low-dose group,aloin high-dose group,paeoniflorin low-dose group and paeoniflorin high-dose group were less severe than those of cadmium chloride model group,and inflammatory cells were reduced.（5）Determination results of liver homogenate index:The SOD level in liver of blank control group,aloin high-dose group,paeoniflorin low-dose group and paeoniflorin high-dose group was significantly higher than that of cadmium chloride model group（P<0.05）.The liver GSH-Px level of blank control group,aloin high-dose group and paeoniflorin high-dose group was significantly higher than that of cadmium chloride model group（P<0.05）.The liver CAT level of blank control group,aloin low-dose group,aloin high-dose group and paeoniflorin high-dose group was significantly higher than that of cadmium chloride model group（P<0.05）.The liver MDA level of blank control group,aloin low-dose group,aloin high-dose group,paeoniflorin low-dose group and high dose group was significantly lower than that of cadmium chloride model group（P<0.05）.（6）Determination results of kidney tissue homogenate index:The level of SOD in kidney of blank control group,aloin high-dose group,paeoniflorin low-dose group and paeoniflorin high-dose group was significantly higher than that of cadmium chloride model group（P<0.05）.The renal GSH-Px level of blank control group,aloin low-dose group,aloin high-dose group and paeoniflorin high-dose group was significantly higher than that of cadmium chloride model group（P<0.05）.The renal CAT level of cadmium chloride model group was significantly lower than that of the other five groups（P<0.05）.The renal MDA level of aloin low-dose group,aloin high-dose group,paeoniflorin low-dose group and high dose group was significantly lower than that of cadmium chloride model group（P<0.05）.In conclusion,aloin and paeoniflorin have protective effects on mice infected with cadmium chloride,can reduce oxidative stress level,alleviate inflammatory response,and improve liver and kidney function. |
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