Study On The Preparation Of New Burdock Root Waste Organic Liquid Fertilizes And Their Fertilizer Effect On Tomato And Melon

Burdock is a kind of edible and medicinal plant,widely planted in China.In the deep processing of burdock root,a large amount of waste can be produced.It is of great significance to utilize it comprehensively.The comprehensive utilization of burdock root waste was studied in this paper.Burdock root waste can be used to produce organic water-soluble fertilizer.In this paper,the production technology of organic water-soluble fertilizer from burdock root waste by enzymatic hydrolysis was optimized,and its application effect was studied by tomato and melon cultivation experiment.The results showed that compound enzyme could improve the hydrolysis efficiency of burdock root waste.The optimal components of the compound enzyme were cellulase 47.3%,pectinase 0%,neutral proteinase 1.0%and alkaline protease51.7%,and the optimal hydrolysis conditions were 49.9℃,pH6.42,substrate concentration6.94%and enzyme substrate ratio 2.536%.When burdock root waste was hydrolyzed under the optimized conditions for 3 h,the yield of water soluble organic fertilizer,soluble protein and soluble sugar reached 74.83%,11.06%and 37.49%,respectively.The obtained water soluble organic fertilizer was rich in organic matter,soluble sugar and amino acids.The content of organic matter was as high as 94.72%and the total nutrient（N+P₂O₅+K₂O）was3.42%.The soluble sugar content was 49.7%.The total amino acid content was 106.53mg Kg^-1,and Pro,Arg and Asp were the most abundant.The results of pot experiment of melon showed that the obtained water soluble organic fertilizer could promote the growth of melon and improve its yield and quality.Compared with the blank control,fresh weight of stem and leaf,plant height and stem diameter of melon treated with burdock root waste enzymatic hydrolysate increased by 20.2%,24.1%and 19.8%,respectively.The weight per melon,transverse stem and longitudinal diameter of melon increased by 14.71%,7.63%and 9.82%,respectively.The soluble sugar content increased by 13.58%.Vitamin C content increased by 17.86%.At the same time,titratable acid and nitrate content decreased.The results of tomato cultivation experiments showed that both foliar spraying and root-irrigation fertilization of burdock root waste hydrolysate could promote the growth of tomato,improve the quality of tomato and improve the biological characteristics of soil.The burdock root waste hydrolysate could significantly increase the plant height,the stem diameter,and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as APX,CAT,POD and SOD in leaves,and decrease the content of MDA,when compared with blank control.The content of soluble sugar,vitamin C and lycopene were increased,but the organic acid content was decreased in tomato.The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil were increased,as well as the activities of catalase,phosphatase,urease and invertase.The fertilizer efficiency of burdock root waste hydrolysate was related to its concentration.Compared with that in the low concentration groups,in the high concentration groups with foliar spraying and root irrigation,the plant height growth increased by 17.06%and 6.20%,the stem diameter growth increased by 12.20%and 7.91%,and MDA content in leaves decreased by 17.75%and17.79%,respectively.The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as APX,CAT,POD and SOD increased,as well as the activities of soil enzymes such as catalase,phosphatase,urease and invertase.The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil increased,and the quality of tomato was improved.Burdock root waste can be used to produce compost tea.In this paper,the effects of organic material maturing agent on the composting process and product quality of burdock root waste were studied.At the same time,the effects of composting tea on the growth of tomato and the protective effect of tomato Fusarium wilt were also studied.The results showed that the microbial metabolism in composting process was more vigorous,the maturation process was accelerated and the composting quality was improved by inoculating organic material maturing agent.Burdock root waste compost tea can promote tomato growth,and the plant height,stem diameter and chlorophyll content of tomato were significantly higher than those of the control.Burdock root waste compost tea had significant inhibition on mycelial growth and spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum SN302,and the inhibition rate of mycelial growth and spore germination was 79.2%and 31.6%,respectively.Burdock root waste compost tea had a good control effect on tomato Fusarium wilt,the disease index was significantly reduced,and the control efficiency was as high as32.54%.The activities of defense enzymes such as POD and SOD in tomato leaves were significantly increased and the content of MDA was significantly decreased in the treatment of burdock root waste composting tea root irrigation.