Genetic Diversity Of Peanut Germplasm Resources

Peanut is an important oil crop and economic crop in China,and is also one of the important agricultural exports.With the emergence of a large number of varieties,there is a need to sort out and classify the important peanut resources to protect the diversity of germplasm resources.The agronomic traits,quality traits and genetic diversity of SSR markers of peanut germplasm resources at home and abroad were analyzed in this paper.The main research contents are as follows:1.In this paper,the 187 peanut germplasm resources from home and abroad were used as materials,from the main agronomic traits and quality traits to analyze various characters of mean value,maximum value,minimum value,standard deviation,coefficient of variation,the principal component analysis,and according to the main peanut yield and quality traits for clustering analysis,using tree more intuitive display different taxa of kinship.Among them,the total branching coefficient of yield traits was the largest(0.6),the coil subspecific coefficient of quality traits was the largest(1.21),and the seed coat color variation type of quality traits was the most abundant,with a total of 11 species.The principal component analysis of 12 yield traits of peanut showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three main components was 72.49%,indicating that these three main components represented the majority of information of 12 phenotypic traits of peanut.The first principal component is directly related to yield.The second and third principal components are indirectly related to yield,reflecting the growth of plants.The principal component analysis of 187 major quality traits of peanut material was carried out.With the characteristic value greater than 1 as the standard,the main quality traits could be classified into 2 main components and the cumulative contribution rate was 85.54%.The content of linoleic acid and linoleic acid in the first principal component was higher and the loading was opposite,indicating that the linoleic acid content of peanut seeds decreased with the increase of oleic acid.The crude protein content of peanut decreased with the increase of oil content.The yield characters of peanut materials were analyzed and classified into 9 groups.The main quality traits of peanut seeds were analyzed by cluster analysis,and were divided into 5 groups.2.Using the SSR primer markers with polymorphisms,the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed on 186 peanut germplasm materials,and the strip statistics were carried out for each gel graph to observe the genetic diversity of the primer polymorphisms germplasm materials.Among the 186 peanut materials,365 alleles were detected by 95 SSR primers,and the change range of alleles(NA)at each site was 2-7,with an average of 3.84.The variation range of the effective allele frequency(NE)was 1.04-3.5 with an average of 1.78.The change range of Ho was 0.28-0.96,with an average of 0.61.The expected heterozygosity(He)range was 0.04 to 0.72,with an average of 0.39,indicating that the peanut population had high genetic diversity.The variation range of genetic diversity index(?)of peanut germplasm material was 0.13-1.38,with an average of 0.71,indicating that the genetic variation within peanut population was relatively rich.UPGMA method was applied to cluster analysis of 186 peanut germplasm resources,and it was found that the germplasm involved could be divided into two categories in general.The genetic distances of Z134 and Z135 materials,Z162 and Z163 materials were all 0.According to agronomic traits and quality traits,it was finally determined that Z134 and Z135 materials were sister lines,and Z162 and Z163 materials were the same germplasm.According to the 95 pairs of SSR primer belt type statistics,the two-dimensional code of corresponding materials is made by using WPS table,and each two-dimensional code contains the fingerprint map of corresponding materials.3.This study prepared a QR code for each peanut germplasm.By scanning the QR code,relevant molecular marker information can be obtained,providing certain reference for peanut molecular assisted breeding,variety identification and new variety protection.The process of DNA fingerprinting was as follows:?Extracting DNA from different varieties;?The polymorphic markers were selected for genotyping of all varieties of DNA.The selected markers must have good polymorphism and stability,so they can be reused.?Different varieties can be distinguished according to the size of DNA fragments,the presence or absence of fragments or the change of bases,so as to establish the DNA molecular characteristics of varieties and carry out variety protection.