| Rice is one of the main food crops in the world and also the most important food crop in China.The planting method of rice is an important link in the process of rice production.The suitable planting method can achieve stable yield,save cost and increase benefit.In this study,3 rice planting patterns were tested.Through the observation of growth and development characteristics of the 4 varieties in the artificial translating,machine transplanting and direct seeding pattern,the results as follows:1.Among artificial transplanting,machine transplanting and direct seeding pattern,the artificial translating rice had the highest yield,followed by machine transplanting,and the lowest yield was observed for direct seeding rice.No significant difference was found for brown rate among three planting patterns,higher milled rice rate was detected for artificial translating,machine transplanting pattern.;No significant difference for rice chalkiness rate for the three planting patterns,however,significant difference was observed for the rice chalkiness markedly;there were also no significant differences for rice amylase content,gel consistency,planting mode protein content among the three planting pattern.2.The artificial translating pattern had longest growth period,the shortest was for the direct seeding method,the biggest difference for whole growth was found at vegetative growth stage.The growth progress of hand planting method was earlier than the other two planting pattern,the slowest progress was observed for direct seeding method.However,the growth progress accelerated for the machine transplanting and direct seeding pattern.There were similar vegetative and reproductive stage in the whole growth period for the hand planting and machine transplanting pattern,but shorter the vegetative growth stage for direct seeding ricet was detected.There were less utilization for temperature and light for machine transplanting and direct seeding rice compared to the pattern of artificial transplanting,and the difference was mainly appered at the vegetative growth stage.3.There were higher LAI at booting and heading stage than that at jointing and mature stage and similar effective leaf area rates were observed for the three planting pattern,however,the highest high-efficient leaf area rate was detected for hand transplanting rice,the lowest one was for direct seeding rice.the dry matter accumulation during jointing to maturity accounted for about 80%of the total dry matter accumulation during the whole growth period for hand transplanting and machine transplanting pattern,75%for direct seeding rice.The harvest index were similar for Hand transplanting and direct seeding rice,however,the machine transplanting rice had biggest harvest index.4.At the tillering stage,the tillering rate of direct seeding rice was higher than that of other two planting pattern,and there were earlier and much more peak seedling.The dynamics of stem and tiller number for the direct seeding rice showed ups and downs markedly,and the rate of retained panicle were 60.78%-62.04%.The dynamics of the stem and tiller number for both hand and machine transplanting were mild,and the final retained panicle rate were 70.39%-73.48%and 75.17%-78.12%respectively.During the whole growth process,the number of tillers was the highest for direct seeding rice,the lowest for hand tranplanting rice.5.At jointing stage,the root number of direct seeding rice was higher than that of the other two planting pattern significantly.The lower root length and root diameter for direct seeding rice was observed than that of the other two planting pattern from jointing to heading stage,however,the root length and root diameter of the direct seeding rice at maturity stage were significantly lower than that of the other two planting pattern.The root number,root length and root diameter of the maching transplanting rice were lower than that of hand transplanting at whole growth stages.The root dry weight and shoot dry weight were higher for hand transplanting rice than that of the other two planting pattern significantly,however,ratio of root to shoot of the hand transplanting rice was significantly lower than that of the other two panting pattern at jointing to heading stage.The ratios of the root to shoot were simialr among three planting patterns Therefore,machine transplanting and direct seeding rice had lower yield,temperature and light utilization,dry matter accumulation and root growth,but had higher tiller ability and better rice quality than that of artificial translating rice which were basis for high yield potential and high rice quality. |
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