| The scientific and rational application method of fertilizer can reduce nutrient loss and increase crop yield.There are still many unreasonable fertilizer application methods in China,such as the shallow application of fertilizer and improper application position,resulting in large losses of fertilizer nutrients.In order to explore the scientific and rational application method of fertilizer,pot experiment and field experiment was conducted to study the yield of wheat,corn crop,soil nutrient,maize root and fertilizer nutrient in different layered fertilizer.Taking farmers' customary fertilization(mixed application)as a control,set up no fertilizer,common fertilizer and controlled-release bulk blending fertilizer one layer(5 cm),two layers(5,10 cm)and three layers(5,10,15 cm)fertilization treatment,to screen out the optimal fertilization level of common fertilizer and controlled-release bulk blending fertilizer and provides support for field stratified fertilization,especially the seeding and sowing technology of agricultural extension.The main results of this experiment were as follows:(1)The wheat season common fertilizer one-layer,two-layer fertilization and controlled-release fertilizer two-layer and three-layer fertilization had significant yield-increasing effects,increasing yield by 5.55%~15.83%;in the maize season,the three-layer fertilization of common fertilizer had a significant yield increase effect,and the yield increase was 26.79%.The one-layer,two-layer and three-layer fertilization of controlled-release fertilizer increased significantly,and the yield increased with the increase of the number of fertilized layers,and the yield increased by 19.78-30.67%.Based on the comprehensive research results and production cost considerations,it is recommended that the wheat season be fertilized in two layers in actual production and the three layers in the maize season.(2)Compared with the mixed application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer,the layered fertilization of common fertilizer in the wheat season had different degrees of improvement.Among them,the N,P and K utilization rate of the three-layer fertilization was the highest,which was 62.90% and 53.30% higher than that of the mixed application,respectively.The best utilization rate of the P was two-layer fertilization,which was 64.30%.The controlled-released blending fertilizer layered fertilization utilization rate of P fertilizer increased by 23.07 ~ 25.92%,but the difference of N and K utilization rate was not significant.Compared with the mixed application,the utilization rate of n was significantly increased by 42.50%,but the difference between P and P was not significant.The utilization rates of N and K fertilizer in the layered fertilization treatment of controlled-release bulk blending fertilizer were significantly higher than those in mixed treatment by 13.33 ~ 25.00% and 32.65 ~ 41.07%,respectively.(3)Layered fertilization had different effects on the distribution,root length and root surface area of maize roots in soil layers.The two-layer fertilization of common fertilizers increased the root length of maize in 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm soil layers.The root length of the control-released blending fertilizer mixed application was the longest,and three-layer fertilization of controlled-release fertilizer had the effect of promoting root growth than one-layer and two-layer of fertilization treatment.The surface area of roots in the two-layer fertilization treatment was the largest in the 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm soil layers,while the controlled-release fertilizer treatment had the largest root surface area under mixed application.The root surface area of the three-layer fertilization maize was the highest in each layer treatment.(4)Compared with the mixed treatment,the leaching of common N fertilizer can significantly reduce the N leaching amount of 36.26-72.72%,and the leaching rate decreases with the increase of the number of layers of layered fertilization;controlled-release N fertilizer had a slower released of N nutrients and a longer release period.It also had a tendency to decrease the amount of N leaching with the increase of fertilization layer,but the difference between treatments was not significant,and the amount of K leaching and N leaching was a negative correlation,while layered fertilization had no significant effect on phosphorus leaching.In the wheat-maize agricultural production,it is recommended to apply fertilization by layered fertilization.In particular,three-layer fertilization has the best effect on maintaining fertilizer nutrients,which can improve fertilizer utilization and increase crop yield. |
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