Effects Of Nutrition And Temperature On Basic Biology Of Three Parasitoids Of Opisina Arenosella Walker

Opisina arenosella Walker is an important pest of palm plant that invaded Hainan in 2013.At present,chemical control is the main method to control the Opisina arenosella in China.Since some of the pesticides currently used in the market contain certain pollution to the environment and may kill some natural enemies,we need to find a good biological control method.Three parasitoids of the O.arenosella were found in the investigation of palm plants in Hainan Island.They are the larval parasitoids of the Bracon hebetor Say,the pupae parasitoids of the Chouioia cunea Yang and Brachymeria nosatoi Habu.In this paper,the best propagation methods of these three parasitoids are studied from three aspects,one is to study the effects of different temperature and nutrition on the life span and fecundity of B.hebetor and B.nosatoi,the second is to study the effects of different nutrition on the life span and fecundity of two different geographical populations of C.cunea,Thirdly,we studied the temperature of body color change,the longevity of B.hebetor with different body color,the difference of fecundity and the reason of this phenomenon through transcriptome sequencing technology.Because of the weak fecundity of the B.nosatoi,we only take control effect of the B.hebetor and C.cunea in consideration.The main results obtained in this study are as follows:1.Honey,sucrose and glucose all significantly increased the life span and fecundity of the B.hebetor.The highest parasitic rate and emergence rate were the highest at 28?,82.02%and 92.40%respectively.The development threshold temperature of the parasitoids is 13.71? and the effective accumulated temperature is 143.28 days.It can be deduced that the parasitoid can generate 21 generations a year in Hainan.2.The addition of 10%honey,10%glucose and 10%sucrose significantly prolonged the life span and fecundity of B.nosatoi.Within the range of 28?—32?,the basic biological indexes of the parasitoids tend to be stable,indicating that 28?—32? is the suitable temperature zone for the growth and reproduction of the parasitoids,and the development threshold temperature of the B.nosatoi is 8.13?.The effective accumulated temperature is 378.71 days,so it can be calculated that the parasitoids can generate in Hainan for 13 generations a year.3.Supplementation of 10%honey,10%sucrose,1 0%glucose could significantly increase the fecundity and life span of these two populations.The interaction between nutrition and geographical population has the significant influences on parasitism rate,eclosion rate,female-male ratio,parasitoids reproducing rate and life span of Chouioia cunea Yang.While there were no significant difference on the developmental duration between Hainan and Beijing geographical population.4.There was no significant difference in fecundity between the black brown B.hebetor and the yellow ones,but at 32?,the life span of the yellow parasitoids was longer than that of the dark brown ones,and at 24?,the life of the black brown parasitoids was longer than that of the yellow ones.5.A survey of the population of O.arenosella without releasing parasitoids and pesticides found that O.arenosella has an explosive period between June and August,which may be associated with persistent high temperatures.We released the two parasitoids once a half month,and with the regular release of the parasitoids,the control effect of the two parasitoids was gradually increasing.After releasing the parasitoids for four months,the control effects of the two parasitoids tended to be stable.All of them were more than 78.47%,and the highest control effect was 91.77%,These results provided guidance for indoor propagation and release of parasitoids.6.By sequencing the transcript group,we conclude that the c28476.graph_c0 gene may be related to the change of body color by comparing the functi on of 7 big data gene,c29403.graphc0,c28538.graphc0,c18508.graphc0,c33086.graphc0,c33155.graphc0,c29403.graphc0,c28538.graphc0.These six genes of c29546.graph_c0 may be related to the lifespan of two species of parasitoids.