| Under the perspective of straw comprehensive utilization,this paper discusses the development of agricultural production in the market environment,which deviates from the sustainable utilization and the construction of circular agriculture.On this basis,combined with the reality of the development of cooperative farm,hierarchy system can replace the market price mechanism.The author believes that although the market system can effectively promote the effective allocation of resources,the current comprehensive utilization of straw under the guidance of market price signals shows conflicts with the concept of circular agriculture.This paper is not about the comparative analysis of market mechanism and hierarchy of the article,but mainly focused on the village collective as the core of the hierarchical cooperative farm market system and compared differences in promoting the circulation of agricultural development.The basic point of is that although straw returning is an important content of circular agriculture but extreme straw utilization choice will lead to the difficulty for development.In the other hand,straw returning did not make the full use of straw.Straw manure fertilizer or straw feeding,the biogas can make better use of these resources.Under the guidance of the market price mechanism,the comprehensive utilization of straw in the market stakeholders will not enter the comprehensive utilization of straw in the market.As an important part of the cycle of agriculture,comprehensive utilization of straw brings a lot of social positive externalities,however,these externalities has not formed the main body of the market return.Even if the social benefit is very high,but low profit makes subjects in the market lack of incentive,which makes the market mechanism can not promote the comprehensive utilization of straw effectively.Recycling agriculture form agricultural ecosystem for the purpose of positive externality which is similar to the various production processes,and it is also the core of the reason why the market mechanism does not really promote the development of circular agriculture.As a country with the highest production of crop straw,China has very rich straw resources.Due to lack of corresponding straw processing methods,a large number of straw are discarded or burned,which does not only waste resources,but also brings the high cost of environmental governance.The development and promotion of comprehensive utilization of straw has an important role in the construction of circular agriculture,and it can also solve the straw structural surplus problem in our country.Since the establishment of the straw burning ban,the government also began to promote the development of comprehensive utilization of straw,which provides a series of subsidies and preferential tax policies.However,the reality of the situation is that the farmers take extreme choices during this period.As the optimal choice,farmers have to face the excessive straw production problems.In the analysis of farmers' straw processing problem,the author used the producer theory with the hypothesis that all kinds of straw processing methods are available.From the results of the analysis,we can see why farmers use single way to deal with straw.With high marginal rate of substitution,straw returning and burning have become the optimal choice of farmers.The key lies in the marginal output unit cost is much higher than other straw uses.From a practical point of view,we can see that the cost of processing straw by returning to field directly will be lower than other straw uses.It can also explain the prevalence of straw burning phenomenon.These two straw processing mode has two main sources,the first is to reduce the opportunity cost of labor;the second is the decline in direct costs,which result from high subsidies from the government.For the straw burning,the direct cost is decreased by shifting to public area.Although the possible reasons for the extreme selection of farmers from the specified situation have a certain explanatory power,the choice between farmers is still different from the practical level.Market constraints,technical constraints and other multiple constraints should be taken into consideration as well.The existence of conditions,straw return to the field whether all the straw utilization of the optimal solution needs to be further verified.Because of the shortcomings of the sample,author uses binary logit model to analyze whether the farmer will return all the straw to the farmland.Although farmers think they are lack of the choice,they also admit the positive effects which straw returning brings.There are a variety of realistic constraints,but the slow development of other straw utilization technology makes straw valueless.Straw returning is the best choice for farmers in the market system.The analysis process is based on using the household choice in a complete set of straw under the premise,but combined with the actual situation of the survey found in the Suzhou area,farmers in the stalk selection aspects there is severe constraints,farmers usually only straw firewood and straw returning treatments,and the reasons for this situation the same is the lack of demand in the market,the lack of the role there are only two possibilities:l,the government has imposed restrictions on access to the main market to enter;2,industry profit is low,the lack of incentive to enter the market.In fact,remove few restrictions(such as straw industry,straw power generation etc.),straw feed,straw mushroom industry is open to the market,so the farmers select constrained situation to a great extent and comprehensive utilization of straw low profit problems linked to the market price under the guidance of low profit industry did not appeal to the main body of the market,but in the circulation of agricultural systems,such as straw comprehensive utilization of low income such links exist,in the absence of the main body of the market into the case,the possibility of circular agriculture system established in the market system is relatively low.At present,the cooperative farm in Jiangsu,South of Jiangsu is essentially an agricultural production organization with the village collective as the core and the hierarchy instead of the market mechanism.Compared with the market mechanism,in order to level the system as the core of the cooperative farm for realizing the sustainable development of agriculture and the establishment of circular agriculture promotes better,its rationality is mainly reflected in:(1)to the village collective as the core of the cooperative farm has a more perfect incentive mechanism;(2)on the basis of the establishment of agricultural cooperative farm the industrial chain,to provide support for the interests of the weak link of profit,also can realize the sustainable development of agricultural production;(3)cooperative farm related support policies for the reaction is better than that of the main market;(4)to the village collective as the core of the cooperation is the only path farm level system of the current national administrative system and property rights system. |
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