| Increasing the yield per unit area of maize is an effective way to increase the total corn production.There is still a big gap between the actual yield of farmers and the record of high yield in the production,and there is also a big gap between the crop yield of different farmers.Therefore,it is of great significance to clarify the reasons for limiting the increase of maize yield in production and explore technical methods to narrow the yield gap for improving the yield per unit area of maize.In order to reduce the yield difference between actual yield and potential yield,clarify the cause of yield difference,and improve crop nutrient utilization efficiency,This experiment uses Xianyu 335 and Longzuo 2 as experimental materials,and in the spring of2017-2018 in Xiangyang Farm,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang Province(east longitude 126°22?~126°50?,north latitude 45°34?~45° 46')Conducting field experiment,setting 4 cultivation modes(ISP-basic cultivation mode;FP-farmer custom cultivation mode;HH-high-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode;SH-super high-yield cultivation mode),systematically studied different cultivation modes for spring maize The effects of nitrogen use efficiency,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and water use efficiency are aimed at proposing a high-yield cultivation model suitable for the northeast spring maize area.Below are key research findings:1.Under the four cultivation modes,balanced fertilization and medium and micro fertilizer in the super-high yield cultivation mode could delay leaf senescence time and show stable antioxidant activity.The activity of SOD,POD,CAT and soluble protein in the leaves of the two maize varieties were the super-high-yielding cultivation mode > the high-yielding and high-efficient cultivation mode > farmers' cultivation mode > basic cultivation mode,and the MDA content was the basic cultivation mode > farmers' cultivation mode >,the high-yielding and high-efficient cultivation mode > the super-high-yielding cultivation mode.2.Under the four cultivation modes,the super-high-yield cultivation mode increased the activity of PEP,Ru BP,NR and GS in leaves,accelerated the CO2 assimilation efficiency and the activity of leaf photosynthase,and accelerated the accumulation of dry matter,laying the foundation for the formation of yield.3.Under the four cultivation modes,the high-yielding and high-efficient cultivation mode can enhance the lodging resistance of the stem,which is manifested by the maximum stem diameter,dry matter weight,lignin content,puncture strength and transverse folding strength under the high-yielding and high-efficient cultivation mode.4.Under the high-yielding and high-efficiency cultivation mode and the super-high-yield cultivation mode,the root injury flow increased significantly,and the flow of injury ions,amino acids and endogenous hormones also increased significantly.It plays an important role in ear differentiation and grain formation and also provides an important guarantee for later yield improvement.5.Under the high-yielding and high-efficiency cultivation mode,the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer,water,heat and light reached the maximum,followed by the super-high-yield cultivation mode.It shows that the integration and optimization of different cultivation techniques can improve the utilization efficiency of resources.6.The integration and optimization of cultivation technology can achieve the purpose of increasing production and efficiency.Compared with the basic cultivation mode,the yield of xianyu 335 super high-yielding cultivation mode was the highest,reaching 5752.72kg/ha.Compared with the basic cultivation mode,farmer cultivation mode and high-yield high-efficient cultivation mode,the yield of xianyu 335 was increased by 33.10%,28.06% and 1.54%,respectively.Longzuo 2 has the highest yield in the super-high-yield cultivation mode,reaching7125.58kg/ha.Compared with the basic cultivation mode,farmer cultivation mode and high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation mode,longzuo 2 has increased 146.93%,94.73% and 15.10%,respectively.The results showed that the technology of regulating density,nitrogen fertilizer stage,chemical regulation and cultivation measures could promote the growth and yield of maize. |
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