| Replenishing cultivated land is the basis for realizing the dynamic balance of the total amount of cultivated land and ensuring the national food security.Reasonable collection of cultivated land reclamation fees is an important guarantee for the completion of cultivated land replenishment with quality and quantity.In recent years,with the development of social economy and the consumption of cultivated land reserve resources,great changes have taken place in the natural input and economic input of Replenishing cultivated land.However,most provinces still use the standards established in the early stages of the compensatory balance policy.In order to further strengthening the protection of cultivated land and improve the compensatory balance,on January 9,2017,the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the “Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Cultivated Land and Improving the Compensatory Balance.It emphasizes that "the governments of the provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government)should formulate differentiated standards for cultivated land reclamation fees based on the average cost of newly cultivated land and the quality of cultivated land occupied by land remediation",and put forward requirements for the study on standards of reclamation fees.As an important grain producing area and a province with relatively abundant reserve resources of cultivated land,Heilongjiang Province’s replenishment of its cultivated land is of great significance to the safety of national food and cultivated land.In recent years,the reserve resources of cultivated land in Heilongjiang Province have been continuously consumed,and there have been great changes in the scale,mode and cost of replenishing cultivated land.At present,the reclamation fees stipulated in the "Administrative Measures for the Collection and Use of Cultivated Land Reclamation Fees" promulgated in 2002 are not sufficient to complete the task of replenishing cultivated land.Therefore,through analyzing the characteristics of replenishing cultivated land to understand the changes of replenishing cultivated land in Heilongjiang Province in recent years,it has become an important task for Heilongjiang Province to establish the standards for the collection of reclamation fees that meet the actual requirements for replenishing cultivated land.Through the investigation and interview of the land administration Department of Heilongjiang province,the basic situation and typical cases of the replenishing cultivated land project in Heilongjiang province from 2001 to 2015 were collected as the data support for the study.Through the policy and literature arrangement,comprehensive referencing economics,statistical price and the relevant theory of standard formulation,set up a standard model for thecalculation of cultivated land reclamation fees.On this basis,the scale,source and cost characteristics of replenishing cultivated land in Heilongjiang Province are comprehensively analyzed by using statistical analysis methods,spatial analysis methods such as variation coefficient and location Gini coefficient,and prediction methods such as smooth prediction of primary and secondary indices.This paper makes a preliminary calculation of the standard base of cultivated land reclamation fees in Heilongjiang province,and provides the influencing factors and policy suggestions for the establishment of local cultivated land reclamation fees standard.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)The scale characteristics of replenishing cultivated land.From 2001 to 2015,Heilongjiang province supplemented 292,800 hectares of cultivated land,and the three periods of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan","Eleventh Five-Year Plan" and "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" show a significant downward trend.Land arrangement and land exploitation are the main sources of replenishing cultivated land,replenishing 14.47×104 hm2 and 14.1×104 hm2 respectively.The balanced supplementary arable land project is the main source of replenishing cultivated land,with a total of 17.52×104 hm2.There are obvious differences in the scale of replenishing arable land in various places,showing that the plains are higher than the hilly areas.The variation coefficient and location Gini coefficient of land development replenishing cultivated land in three periods showed an upward trend,the regional difference and spatial aggregation degree increased,and the development of reserve resources of cultivated land showed an unbalanced progress.(2)Structural characteristics of supplementary sources of arable land.The main method of replenishing arable land is changed from land development to land consolidation.The proportion of land development in the three periods fell from 68.74 % to 1.08 %,and land consolidation rose from 30.89 % to 88.55 %.The main sources of replenishing arable land projects is changed from balanced supplementary arable land projects to land remediation projects.The proportion of balanced supplementary arable land projects decreased from 71.83 % to 42.12 %,and land remediation projects increased from 28.17 % to 57.88 %.There are obvious spatial differences in the source rate of replenishing arable land in each research unit.The source rate of land consolidation and land remediation projects in the Northeast region is high,and the source rate of supplementary arable land in the Southwest is high.In addition,the sources of supplementary arable land in each research unit tend to diversify.(3)The cost characteristics of replenishing cultivated land projects.The cost per unit area of replenishing arable land in the balance of subsidies show an upward trend,and a significant increase during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period.The proportion of projects with a unit cost of additional arable land greater than 4 yuan/m2 in each region show an increasing trend,and the increase is most pronounced during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period.Due to the decrease in the rate of new arable land,the cost of new arable land per unit area increase significantly.Taking the cost of new arable land per unit area as the unit cost of supplementary arable land can not scientifically demonstrate the actual cost of supplementaryarable land for land remediation projects.(4)The calculation of the standards for the collection of cultivated land reclamation fees in Heilongjiang Province.Through a smooth forecast of index smoothing and secondary index smoothing,referring to the relevant plans of Heilongjiang Province,during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period,it is estimated that 1.84×104hm2 of cultivated land will be replenished by compensatory balanced replenishing cultivated land projects,5.30 yuan/m2 of replenishing cultivated land cost per unit area,and the land remediation project will be expected to supplement4.02×104hm2 of cultivated land.The cost of replenishing cultivated land per unit area is 22.41yuan/m2.Through the comprehensive calculation of the forecast data,the standard base of cultivated land reclamation fees in Heilongjiang Province is 17.04yuan/m2.On the basis of this base,the cities(counties)can adjust the reclamation fees standard with reference to the difference factors of the reclamation fees standard,and actually join the land management cost according to the regional management,forming a reclamation fees standard that meets the actual reclamation cost of the region.In addition,the land reclamation fees should be levied according to the type of cultivated land occupied or the difference in quality grade,the use of economic means to enhance the awareness of the construction of the main land and the establishment of a replenishing cultivated land index trading platform in the province. |
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