The Effect Of Different Amount Of Rice Straw On Law Of Decomposition And Quality Of Vegetables By Soil-covered In Facility

Soil is an important part of farmland ecosystems and an essential resource for agricultural production.The level of soil fertility will affect the growth and yield of crops.Straw returning and rational fertilization are important ways to maintain and improve soil fertility.However,the improper use of straw and fertilizers is still widespread.In the long run,it will inevitably lead to a decline in soil fertility.Therefore,explore scientific and rational methods of straw returning and fertilization to improve soil physical and chemical properties,maintain soil nutrient balance,and ensure land productivity.Yan Wuwei et al(2016)used the high-temperature and high-humidity environment of the facility paddy field to cover 500kg/667m2 rice straw cultivation in the greenhouse,and found that the straw cover method can not only improve soil properties and increase crop yield,even In the low temperature season,the straw decomposing rate can reach 75.33%.Zhu Lili(2018)cut rice straw to cover 5cm and planted aquatic vegetables on the soil surface to further improve the decomposing rate of straw.The high temperature season reached 100%decomposition,which made the straw cover more effective for crop yield increase and soil improvement.In order to improve the straw utilization rate and significantly improve crop yield and improve soil properties,this experiment increased the straw coverage,and carried out comparative research on the coverage of two rice straws of 1000kg/667m2 and 1500kg/667m2.The effects of different coverage methods and fertilization methods on the yield and quality,nutrient accumulation,soil nutrient and enzyme activities of the season and the following seasons.Provide theoretical basis and technical support for organic fertilizer instead of fertilizer operation.Below are key research findings:1.From 2016 to October 2016,rice straw 1500kg/667m2 and 1000kg/667m2 cut off 40cm soil cover and shallow water planted amaranth(Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.),study different rice varieties under the same fertilization level.The effect of straw mulching on straw decomposing rate,yield and quality of leeks and soil properties.The results showed that the rice straw decomposing rate of 1000kg/667m2 was slightly higher than 1500kg/667m2,which was 75.11%and 72.74%,respectively.Compared with the control(not covering rice straw),the rice covered straw was covered.Can significantly increase the yield of amaranth,1500kg/667m2 and 1000kg/667m2 covered amaranth increased yield by 14.95%and 19.95%respectively;the total N content of amaranth 1000kg/667m2 coverage treatment and control differences Significantly,but different degrees were higher than 1500 kg/667m2 coverage treatment;the difference of total P content in amaranth was not significant;the treatment of amaranth K rice straw was higher than the control,with 1500 kg/667m2 coverage treatment is more significant;rice straw mulching can alleviate the decrease of organic carbon,total P,total K,available P,available K content and soilsucrase,urease and acid phosphatase activities in soil due to plant growth.And the mitigation effect increases with the increase of coverage;more consumption of soil NO3-is beneficial to alleviate the salinization of the cultivated soil in the facility.2.From March 2017 to October 2017,rice straw with the same season test coverage cut 20cm soil cover and shallow water planted amaranth,according to the growth of amaranth and yield fertilization,study the different amount of rice straw cut off 20cm cover conditions to reduce fertilizer application The effect of dosage on straw decomposing rate,yield and quality of amaranth and soil properties.The results showed that the decomposing rate of 20cm covered soil surface was significantly higher than that of the previous season,and the decomposing rate of 1500 kg/667m2 and 1000 kg/667m2 covered straw was 87.41%and 93.00%,respectively.Straw mulching can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer application.The two treatments reduced the use of chemical fertilizers by 15.00%and 10.00%,and the quality indexes of leeks,flavonoids,total phenols,crude fiber and antioxidants were not significantly different from the control.Straw mulching increased soil N and total K content,alleviated soil organic carbon content and reduced soil NO3-while soil total P,total K and available P content and soil urease,sucrase and acid phosphate The difference between the two treatments of enzyme activity and the control was not significant.3.From November 2017 to March 2018,after two years of rice straw 1500kg/667m2 and 1000kg/667m2 covering the soil surface and planting the leek,the two seasons of Chinese cabbage were used for the same fertilization.Under the horizontal condition,the effects of different amounts of straw covered soil surface on the yield and quality of the Chinese cabbage and soil properties were studied.The results showed that the straw mulching had a significant effect on the growth of the later season vegetables.The 1500kg/667m2 and 1000kg/667m2 covered cabbage increased the yield by 24.38%and 22.48%,respectively,and the quality of the Chinese cabbage was improved after straw mulching.The total potassium content of Chinese cabbage covered with straw was significantly higher than that of the control.The content of NO3-and crude fiber decreased,and the quality indexes of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,Vc,soluble sugar,flavonoids,total phenol content and antioxidant activity were observed.There was no significant difference between the two groups.Compared with the soil without straw mulching,the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic carbon in the soil covered with straw mulching increased,while the content of NO3-in soil increased.It is reduced.After straw mulching,the benefits are significant,and the soil improvement effect increases with the increase of coverage.In summary,rice straw 1500kg/667m2 and 1000kg/667m2 cover the soil surface and grow amaranth,and the straw decomposing rate can be improved by cutting the straw and appropriately extending the mouth time.The vegetable meal is fully or even completely decomposed during the gargle period.The lower nutrient content released by 500kg/667m2 and 750kg/667m2 can improve the soil quality more effectively while improving the yield quality of leeks.To improve the comprehensive utilization of straw.The method of covering the soil surface with 1500kg/667m2 and 1000kg/667m2 rice straw can fully recycle the straw nutrient,so as to significantly reduce the fertilizer application amount under the conventional planting mode,and produce good economic and ecological benefits.In addition,the effect of this kind of covering on the soil fertilization effect on the season vegetables can also significantly improve the yield quality of the later season vegetables,and this post-efficiency increases with the increase of straw coverage.