| Anoectochilus roxburghii is a kind of perennial herb with high medicinal value represented by Anoectochilus roxburghii(Wall)Lindl.The beautiful golden lines on the surface of the leaf is not only the source of its name,but also make it an ornamental plant,thus is much favored by people.Driven by high prices,wild A.roxburghii was on the verge of extinction due to predatory collection.In this study,we studied the adaptability and near-natural cultivation techniques of A.roxburghii under tropical conditions in Hainan,and hoped to successfully developA.roxburghii cultivation in Hainan Province to further increase farmers’ income.The research results are as follows:1.Distribution and Habitat of Wild A.roxburghii in Hainan ProvinceThe survey found that wild A.roxburghii is distributed in four cities and counties:Wuzhishan City,Baisha County,Ledong County and Changjiang County.There are 3 species in total including a suspected species,named A.roxburghii(jinxin)temporarily,sporadically distributed in the tropical rain forests with an altitude of 700 meters to 1100 meters,and a slope within2°,and a canopy density of about 80%.2.Growth Performance of Different Species(Varieties)of in HainanAfter comparing 2 local A.roxburghii species and 5 foreign A.roxburghii species(varieties),it was found that A.roxburghii(yuanye)was most suitable for planting in Hainan Province,and its survival rate was the highest in Tunchang County with an average survival rate of 84.08%within the period of 120 days.Except A.roxburghii(xiaoyuanye),its survival rate was significantly different from that of other species(varieties);the comprehensive score of planting growth index in Wuzhishan City ranked first with the survival rate of more than 60%in the greenhouse and under the forest with the duration of 180 days,which makes it the species(variety)with the highest comprehensive survival rate,while the survival rate of those locally grown is zero.3.Growth Performance of A.roxburghii in Different Cities and CountiesIn the eastern part of Hainan Province(Slibi Town in Qionghai),western part(Jianfeng Town in Ledong),northern part(Yunlong Town in Haikou),middle part(Tongsli Town in Wuzhishan,Maple Town in Tunchang),there are 5 cities and counties for the conduct of experiments of A.roxburghii.finding that A.roxburghii had the best survival and growing situation in Wuzhishan City.The average survival rate of five species(varieties)of A.roxburghii reached 89.33%in 120 days,which was significantly different from those in other cities and counties-52.89%in Tunchang county,and 0 in other cities and counties.4.Effects of Different Lilht Intensity on the Growth of A.roxburghiiThe light intensity(6.3klx)under the two-layer shading nets in Wuzhishan City is more suitable for the growth of A.roxburghii and dle accumulation of dry matter.Most of the growth indicators of A.roxburghii are significantly different from those under one-layer shading net.The fresh weight and dry weight of single plant A.roxburghij(hongxia)of reached 3.204g and 0.362g respectively.The survival rate and growing condition of A.roxburghii planted in Tunchang County with the light intensity(1.6klx)under three-layer shading net in 120 days was 88.67%,which was significantly different from the survival rate of A.roxburghii under one-layer and two·layer shading nets.5.Effects of Different Culture Substrates on the Growth of A.roxburghiiAfter comparison of 8 kinds of culture substrates,it was found that humus and bark(mixed in proportion of m:m)were the optimal substrates for planting A.roxburghii,with the survival rate of A.roxburghii(hongxia)in Wuzhishan City was 75.56%and the comprehensive score of growth index reaching 18.37,much higher than those in other groups.What’s more,the accumulation of active ingredients also reached the highest.6.Effects of Different Planting Altitudes on the Growth of A.roxburghiiA.roxburghii seedlings were planted under the secondary forests 150 meters,275 meters and 400 meters above sea level.The survival rate of A.roxburghii planted under the forest using the open field cultivation method was lower.Therefore,the new type of cultivation method using fruit baskets as containers and insect-proof nets as convers was chosen.The survival rate of each group was higher than 90%with insignificant distinction.The growth index and active ingredient content of A.roxburghii planted at an altitude of 150 meters were relatively higher with largest fresh weight and dry weight of single plant grown in 150 days of 3.50 g,0.239 g respectively.7.Growth performance of A.roxburghii under different forest typesA.roxburghii is planted under secondary forest,areca forest and rubber forest at an altitude of 175 meters.The cultivation method with the fruit baskets as containers covering with insect-proof nets was also carried out;the survival rate of each group was higher than 90%,and the difference was not that significant.The growth index of A.roxburghii planted under the areca forest was relatively higher,and the active ingredient content was the highest except for the total alkaloid.Moreover,fresh weight and dry weight of A.roxburg1ii grown in 150 days were the largest-2.702 g,0.2 1 g respectively,8.Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on the Growth of A.roxburghiiA.roxburghii planted in the greenhouse can partially survived,while those planted under the forest can only survive if tl、ey are more adaptable,such us:A.roxburghiu(yuanye)and A.formosanus.In the case of.A.roxhurghii(yuanye),the survival rate of those grown under the forest and in the greenhouse are similar,but planting under the forest is more conducive to the accumulation of dry matter and active ingredients with the dry weight per plant grown in 180 days reaching 0.484 g,while greenhouse cultivation is more beneficial to the increase of fresh weight with the fresh weight per plant grown in 180 days topping 3.872 g.9.Large-scale planting method of A.roxburghii under the forest in Hainan ProvinceComparing 7 different cultivation methods,it was found that A.roxburghii planted in fruit baskets under forest has higher survival rate,yield of fresh weight and content of total alkaloids,nevertheless the planting cost is high.Therefore,it is suitable for small-area planting;A.roxburghii cultivated with ground and(96.67%、2.823g、0.936mg/g respectively)insect-proofing nets has higher yield of dry weight,total polysaccharide and total flavone(0.364g、17.83mg/g and 8.87mg/g respectively)with only slightly lower survival rate(93.33%)than those planted in fruit baskets under forest.To sum up,the second is a relatively cheap and simple cultivation method with material cost per area 1/3 lower than that of the method with fruit baskets and insect-proofing nets,thus is more suitable for large-scale planting. |
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