| Peanut is an important oil crop in China.The planting area of peanuts in Shandong Province accounts for 20% of the total peanut area in China.The damage effects of peanut pests have seriously affected the yield and quality of peanuts.In order to further improve quality and increase production,peanut planting mode and cultivation technology are constantly improving,and the change of planting environment has an impact on the occurrence of peanut pests.Film mulching has been widely used in a variety of crops to increase ground temperature,maintain soil moisture,promote the growth of crops,and significantly increase the yield per unit area.In recent years,colored plastic film has developed rapidly,but different colored plastic films are applicable to different crops.Colored plastic film has different effects on the occurrence of different kinds of pests.This paper studied and evaluated the effect of 8 different color plastic films for spring peanuts and summer peanuts on the occurrence of dominant peanut pests and peanut production in order to screen out film for increasing yield and pest control in peanut field.To provide a theoretical basis and technical support for peanut production and green pest control.The main findings are as follows:1.The study evaluated the effects of peanut covering 8 colors plastic films(special film,silver gray,black,blue,green,middle black,middle white,and common transparent)on Aphis craccivora,Frankliniella intonsa,Tetranychus urticae,Helicoverpa amigera.It was found that the occurrence and damage degree of Aphis craccivora,Frankliniella intonsa,Tetranychus urticae,Helicoverpa amigera were all significantly reduced compared with common transparent film(control film)covered with special mulch film and silver gray mulch films.Spring peanuts covered with special film and silver gray film significantly reduced the number of Aphis craccivora,which were 77.1% and 78.6% lower than that of the control,followed by middle black and middle white mulch.The green and blue mulching films significantly increased the number of aphids compared with the control,which increased by 69.0% and 48.5%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the number of aphids between the black mulching plants and the control.Peanut thrips were mixed occur and Frankliniella intonsa were the dominant species.The number of Frankliniella intonsa on the spring peanut covered with special film and silver gray film was significantly reduced,which was 70.0% and 78.8% lower than the control,followed by middle white,middle black and black mulch,and finally green film.The number of thrips on the plants covered with blue mulch was significantly higher than that of the control film,which was 47.9% higher than the control.Summer peanuts are less harmful to thrips than spring peanuts.The number of thrips on the summer peanut covered special film and silver gray plants was the lowest,which was 73.0% and 72.0% lower than that of the control.Peanut spider mite were mixed occur and Tetranychus urticae was the dominant species.The number of Tetranychus urticae on the spring peanut covered with special film and silver gray film was the lowest,which was 53.7% and 54.3% lower than the control,followed by the middle white,middle black and black film.The number of Tetranychus urticae covered with blue plastic film was significantly higher than that of the control,which was 39.9% higher than that of the control.There was no significant difference in the number of Tetranychus urticae on plants covered with green film.Compared with spring peanuts,summer peanuts have basically the same trend.The number of Tetranychus urticae on the plants covered with special film and silver gray mulch in summer peanuts was the lowest,which was 60.9% and 61.9% lower than the control.The damage of Helicoverpa amigera on spring peanuts covered by special film and silver gray mulching film was the lightest,which was 53.4% and 49.2% lower than the control respectively,followed by blue and middle black film,and finally the middle of the white,black,green film.Summer peanuts are consistent with the trend of spring peanuts.Spring peanuts are mainly for the second generation Helicoverpa amigera,and summer peanuts are mainly for the third generation Helicoverpa amigera.2.The effect of 8 color films on the white grub of underground pest in peanut field was studied.It was found that the amount and degree of damage of white grub were significantly reduced compared with ordinary transparent membranes covered with special mulch films,silver gray,blue and green film.The amount of white grub on spring peanut covered by control plastic film s was 1.9 times and 1.8 times that of special and silver gray plastic film.The amount of white grub on spring peanut covered by middle white mulch was 1.7 times that of the control mulch.Summer peanuts are less harmful to white grub than spring peanuts.3.Colored plastic film promotes the growth of peanuts.The 50% emergence time of spring peanut covered special film,silver gray,black and middle black film was 1~2 days earlier than that of the ordinary transparent film,and had a certain role in promoting growth of peanut,high performance as the main stem,seedling fresh weight heavier.In the peanut pod stage,the main stem of spring peanut covered with special,silver gray,black and middle black mulch was 12.0%,12.7%,15.6% and 14.5% higher than transparent film,respectively.There was no significant difference between the blue and green in spring peanut compared with the control.Summer peanuts covered blue film and green film to some extent inhibited peanut growth.4.Peanut field covered special film and silver gray film increased significantly compared with the control.The yield of spring peanut covered special film and silver gray film increased at least by 16.5% and 15.8% compared with the control,while green film decreased 9.3%.The yield of summer peanuts covered special film and silver gray film increased by 14.6% and 9.8% compared with the control,while green film decreased 8.2%.5.During the growth period of spring peanut,the5 cm soil temperature under the special,silver gray,black,middle black,middle white and blue films were higher than that of transparent plastic film.When the highest temperature,covering the special,silver-grey film as an example,they are 4.12°C and 2.78°C higher than transparent film,respectively.In addition,spring peanut covered with different color mulch has an impact on soil relative humidity,and the special film,silver gray and black film cover 40 days,which is significantly higher than that of ordinary transparent film. |
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