| The product of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is more and more favored by consumers,and the cultivation area of artificial facilities is increasing day by day.Therefore,in this study,used obtained preliminary diploid and autotetraploid strains of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo as test materials,analysis and comparison between diploid and autotetraploid strains of morphological characteristics,microstructure and physiological characteristics,and through the IS SR technology,research genetic diversity between diploid and autotetraploid.The good strain was selected,analyze the factors that make the differences,and to provide data support for the in-depth study of the autotetraploid strains of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo;Used the mushroom residue as raw material adding peat,perlite,vermiculite,and other materials mixed as the compound matrixes,research those physical and chemical properties and those effected on growth of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo,in order to find out the mushroom residue compound matrix suitable for cultivation for Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.The main research results are as follows:1.The morphological characteristics and microstructure differences between diploid and autotetraploid plants of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.The results showed that there was no significant difference between diploid and autotetraploid plants height,and the stem diameter,leaf thickness and root diameter of Autotetraploid plants were higher than that of diploid,while the leaf length,leaf width and root length were lower than those of diploid;Different autotetraploid plants,the stem and root diameter of No.2 and No.3 was significantly higher than those of other strains,and the width and thickness of the leaves of No.1 were the highest.Compared with the diploid plant,autotetraploid strains of guard cell width,stomatal density and stomatal index were all higher than diploids',in addition,except the No.4 strain,autotetraploid strains of stomatal length,width and area were higher than those of diploid;Different autotetraploid plants,the stomatal length,width and area and width of guard cell of the No.3 strain were the largest among the different strains of autotetraploid plants,while the stomatal length width ratio was the smallest;Stomatal density and stomatal index of the No.4 and No.2 strains were the highest.Based on the comparison of the morphological characters,the autotetraploid plants were better than the diploid,and the autotetraploid strains No.2 and No.3 were better.2.The physiological characteristics differences between diploid and autotetraploid plants of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.Autotetraploid leaves of the contents of indole acetic acid(IAA)and gibberellin(GA)were lower than that of diploid,the contents of trans zeatin riboside(tZR)of the autotetraploid strains No.1,No.3 and No.4 were significantly lower than diploid strain's,but abscisic acid(ABA)content was not significantly different with diploid strain's;The contents of ABA?tZR and GA of different autotetraploid plants were significantly discrepant,except the contents of IAA.The contents of total chlorophyll and soluble sugar of autotetraploid strains were higher than diploid strain's;The chlorophyll and soluble sugar content of strain No.2 was the highest among the autotetraploid strains,and the next was the No.3 and No.4 strains,respectively.The soluble protein contents of the autotetraploid strains No.1 and No.3 was higher than that of diploid,while the No.4 and No.5 was opposite.Malondialdehyde(MDA)contents of the autotetraploid strains No.2 and No.4 were higher than diploid strain's,while No.1 and No.5 strains' were lower than diploid strain's;Autoetraploid strains' superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities were all lower than that of diploid strain's,No.5 strain's SOD activities were higher than other autotetraploid strains';and in addition to the No.1 strain,autotetraploid strains of peroxidase(POD)activities were all higher than diploid strain's.It was suggested that there were some differences in physiological characteristics between autotetraploid and diploid of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo,and there were differences between the different autotetraploid strains.3.Analysis genetic diversty between diploid and autotetraploid strains of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.The results showed that that 6 strains were detected 71 alleles,45 fragments were polymorphic(percentage of polymorphic bands was 63.38%)by 9 ISSR primers selected from 30 ISSR primers;Compared with the diploid amplified bands of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo,the autotetraploid strips of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo were newly added or deleted,and there also had differences among the autotetraploid lines.4.The physical and chemical properties of the compound matrixes and it's effected on the growth of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.Mushroom residue distribution matrixes' volume-weight were all greater than the control(wood chips,pine bark and moss=1:2:2),No.3 matrix volume-weight was the largest;Except the compound substrate No.16,total porosity of the other mushroom residue compound matrixes were significantly greater than the control substrate's,at 60%-80%,the No.11 mixed matrix's was the largest;The pH values were not found obvious differences between the each compound matrixes;EC values of the No.13 and No.6 matrixes were the highest,EC value of No.16 matrix was significantly less than the others'.Through the cultivation experiment,found those plant height that Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo plants' were cultivated in mushroom residue distribution matrixes were higher than the contrast's,plant height of the No.7 matrix was the highest;Matrixes No.15,No.14 and No.8 of average plant stem diameter were less than the contrast's,the others were more than the stem diameter of the contrast,average stem diameter of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo planted by distribution substrate No.2 was the thickest;Distribution of matrix No.7 of plants' survival rate was 100%,survival rate of plants of the substrates No.12,No.10,No.15 and No.4 were all greater than 90%,the substrate No.16 was the minimum;Per bud number of the substrate No.16 got most,the second was No.1,Per bud number of the substrate No.2 was fewest;Average plant fresh weight of distribution substrates No.2 was maximum,No.14 and No.15 substrates' were the smallest;Average plant dry weight distribution of substrates No.5 was maximum,but No.15 substrates' was minimum.Growth index comprehensive analyses of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo,the results showed that the highest growth index comprehensive evaluation score was 0.62,the matrix was the ratio of No.5 compound matrix(sawdust:perlite:mushroom residue=1:1:4),that suitable for the cultivation of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo. |
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