Main Selection Traits Of Small-sized High-quality Meat Ducks

Small-sized high-quality meat duck is a new product with local duck breeds as the main source of blood,it is generally raised for more than 60 days;its body weight is less than 2.0 kg;its meat quality is good;its performance is as follows:fresh meat without fishy smell,fine meat with elasticity,unique flavor and rich in various nutrients.In recent years,with the escalation of consumption demand in China,small-sized high-quality meat duck has gradually become a new favorite in the market.It is estimated that in the next 3-5 years,small-size high-quality ducks will occupy one third of the meat duck market,with an industrial scale of more than 1 billion ducks At present,the main way to breed small-sized high-quality meat ducks is to cross with local duck breeds by using fast large-scale meat duck breeds.However,the breeding level of small-sized high-quality meat ducks is low,and it is still in the original development stage of local resources There is a lack of breeding system to meet the needs of the future market.The main reason is that the breeding goals of small-sized high-quality meat ducks are complex,and the selection indicators and standards are lacking.And the hybrid breeding mode is unknown.In order to speed up the development of small-scale high-quality meat duck industry in China,this study takes Yangzhou University's high-quality meat duck resource group(F2 generation of cherry valley duck and Fengtou white duck hybrid)as the object,and the main candidate traits surrounding high quality meat ducks,from growth performance,meat quality traits and slaughter performance were analyzed in three aspects.By analyzing the correlation and difference between the indicators,the core selection indexes suitable for high quality meat ducks were selected.At the same time,the differences of the main selection indicators in the male and female versions were compared.The appropriate breeding line selection target and hybrid breeding mode were selected,and the breeding system with the highest selection efficiency was established to promote the breeding process of small-sized high-quality meat ducks.The main findings are as follows(1)Select 550 F2 generation resource ducks for single cage feeding,and measure the 42-day-old body weight,average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI),FCR and RFI of each duck from 21 days to 42 days old.By analyzing the correlation coefficient between the male and female ducks and combining the economic value of each index,the three indicators of body weight,FCR and RFI were initially screened.By comparing the differences in other indicators between body weight,FCR and RFI grouping,body weight and RFI were determined as the main selection indicators for the growth performance of small-sized high-quality meat ducks.(2)Determination of the four muscle chemical composition indexes of water,protein,collagen and intramuscular fat of the test duck thigh muscles.By analyzing the correlation coefficient between the male and female ducks,combined with the economic value of each index,the results were selected.IMF is one of the main selection indicators for the meat quality traits of small-sized high-quality meat ducks.The IMF index of the test ducks in the four time periods of 42,56,63 and 70 days old was measured.By comparing the IMF of breast and leg muscles of ducks at different ages,it was found that IMF increased with the increase of age,rapidly deposited from 42 to 63 days old,and did not increase significantly from 63 to 70 days old.(3)The slaughtering rate,the whole net sputum rate,the chest muscle rate and the leg muscle rate of the 56-day-old test ducks were measured.The correlation coefficient of each index of male and female ducks was analyzed,and the economic value of each index was combined.The slaughter rate was selected as the core selection index for the slaughter performance of high quality meat ducks.Since the slaughter rate cannot be directly measured,the indirect selection method must be used to select the body weight by measuring the body size,and the body weight is selected to complete the slaughter rate selection.(4)Individuals who weighed less than the standard deviation of average weight loss were screened out,and the body weight,RFI,IMF and slaughter rate were compared between male and female.Through the comparative analysis of the main selection indexes of low-weight hybrid high-quality meat ducks between male and female,it was found that male ducks had no advantage over female ducks in RFI,IMF and slaughter rate,except that their body weight was larger than female ducks.In binary and ternary hybridization,the distribution of body weight,RFI and slaughter rate in paternal line was specialized,and IMF in maternal line was the best.