Research On The Time And Space Differentiation Of The Level And Obstacles Of Modern Agriculture Development In China

The promulgation of the No.1 Central Committee Document in 2019 means that China has made the three rural issues the top priority of the Party's work for 16 consecutive years,which shows the importance of the three rural issues in China's economic development.If we want to deal with the problems of the three rural issues from the root,we must make agriculture really strong.At present,China is in the transition stage from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.The transformation of traditional agriculture is deepening gradually.The overall development momentum of modern agriculture is good.However,due to the particularity and complexity of China's agricultural development,many problems have arisen in the process of improving the development level of modern agriculture.Firstly,the disharmony of agricultural development among regions is still significant,and it is difficult for most regions to obtain the real benefits of modern agricultural development.Secondly,the application-oriented agricultural technology investment is insufficient,and has a greater dependence on foreign countries.It is difficult to fundamentally improve the mode of agricultural production.Finally,the increasingly serious problems of agricultural ecological environment seriously violate the development concept of modern agriculture and damage the quality of agricultural development in China.Therefore,in order to better develop modern agriculture in the future,we must have a clear understanding of the current level of development of modern agriculture and its obstacles.The paper abandons the traditional evaluation ideas of the development level of "modern agriculture" and "agricultural modernization".By sorting out the classical theory of agricultural development,the paper reveals the factors affecting the development of modern agriculture,clarifies the objectives of modern agricultural development,and identifies the essential differences between modern agriculture and agricultural modernization.Then it is guided by the two major goals of modern agricultural development: improving agricultural comprehensive production efficiency and agricultural comprehensive benefits.Agricultural comprehensive production efficiency is expressed by agricultural labor productivity and landproductivity.Agricultural comprehensive benefits are expressed by income ratio of urban and rural residents,urbanization rate of registered population,fertilizer usage per unit sown area and pesticide usage per unit sown area.Based on the entropy weight method and cluster analysis,the paper evaluates the overall and local development level of modern agriculture in China comprehensively.Then use the obstacle degree model to find out the key factors that restrict the development of modern agriculture in China.The research will provide decision-making reference for the future development of modern agriculture in China.The results of comprehensive evaluation show that,compared with international standards,China's modern agriculture in 2016 is in the initial stage as a whole.Among them,27 provinces are in the initial stage of modern agriculture,3 provinces are in the initial stage of realization,and 1 province is in the basic stage of realization.From the perspective of domestic development,the absolute level of modern agricultural development in China as a whole and in various provinces is rising slowly,and there is a significant spatial and temporal differentiation.However,with the passage of time,the gap of the development level of modern agriculture among provinces is gradually narrowing,and the coordination of agricultural development among regions is increasing.Specifically,during the research period,modern agriculture in three provinces has been at a low level,11 provinces have been at a lower level,4 provinces have been at a middle and upper level,3 provinces have been at a high level,and the development level of modern agriculture in the remaining 10 provinces has been in a fluctuating state.The development level of modern agriculture is gradually decreasing from east to west.The moderate and high level modern agriculture mainly concentrates on the eastern coast and the circle of Tianjin,Beijing and Shanghai.The closer to the east,the more likely it is that the development level of modern agriculture will break through upwards.The closer to the west,the more likely modern agriculture will develop to a lower level.As far as the two major development goals are concerned,the development situation of modern agriculture in China is constantly improving.During the period of study,the level of agricultural comprehensive benefit is still higher than that of agricultural comprehensive productivity,and the spatial distribution of agricultural comprehensive benefit is better than that of agricultural comprehensive productivity.But the change of agricultural comprehensive productivity level is better than that of agricultural comprehensive benefit level.In the case of clear spatial and temporal differentiation of development level,inorder to make a better model for the development of modern agriculture in different regions,the development level of modern agriculture in all provinces in 2016 was separately divided into five levels by cluster analysis: 3 high value areas,1comparative high value area,5 medium value areas,15 comparative low value areas,and 7 low value areas.Finally,the obstacle degree analysis results show that: since2007,the fertilizer usage per unit sown area has been the primary factor hindering the development of modern agriculture,followed by the urbanization rate of registered population and agricultural labor productivity.The impediments of the fertilizer usage per unit sown area,labor productivity and land productivity are increasing gradually.The impediments of the income ratio of urban and rural residents,urbanization rate of registered population and pesticide usage per unit sown area are decreasing gradually.From a regional perspective,the main obstacles hindering the development of modern agriculture are fertilizer usage per unit sown area in the western region and the land productivity in the eastern region.Generally speaking,there are significant spatial and temporal differences in the development level of modern agriculture in China and the factors that hinder the improvement of the development level of modern agriculture.Based on the results of the research,the paper puts forward the following five suggestions: Promoting the Zero-growth action of fertilizer use vigorously,and reducing the impact of agricultural chemicals on the ecological environment gradually.Promoting new urbanization further and promoting agricultural modernization through urbanization.Improving agricultural labor productivity and land output rate,and enhancing the competitiveness of agricultural products in the market.Promoting the growth of efficiency and benefit of modern agriculture synchronously,and realizing the mutual promotion of agricultural efficiency and rural gain and peasants' income increase.Choosing appropriate modern agricultural development model according to local conditions and formulatimg corresponding policies according to different obstacles.