Effects Of Artificialphotoperiod On Reproductive Performance And Endocrine Of Geese

Goose is a seasonally reproductive poultry and its reproductive performance is influenced by season.Yangzhou geese,a local goose germplasm resources in china,with modern genetic breeding theory and advanced testing method has been the first self-bred goose breeds.Which is one of the part of the typical long day reproduction animals.Hungarian White geese is an internationally recognized fine variety of both velvet and meat,which is breeded widely in china.In this study,by studying the effect of photoperiod on Hungarian White geese and effect of monochromatic light on Yangzhou geese.Which elaborate the two characteristics of the light on the properties of goose breeding mechanism systematicly.Consequently,selecting and optimizing the greatest lighting program which is applied in production.At the same time,on the basis of photoperiod regulation of yangzhou goose breeding,we study the effect of monochromatic light on reproduction performance of yangzhou goose.Which in order to further improve the breeding effciency of goose species.The reproductive stimulation of long-day breeding Hungarian White geese was characterized by GnRH upregulation and GnIH and VIP downregulation in the hypothalamus during long or increasing photoperiods.In the 14 hour light treatment group,development of photorefractoriness was characterized by hyper-regulation of GnIH transcription in the hypothalamus,and transcription upregulation of PRL in the pituitary gland on day 42 of long photoperiod.The higher reproductive activities performance following the 11-h photoperiod photo-program treatment.The inactivation effect in the 14-hour group was caused by the extremely significant up-regulation of GnIH and VIP genes at the early stage of illumination(L26).In addition,the significant up-regulation of clock gene in the long light stage,especially the up-regulation of Per2 gene,can significantly promote the secretion of LH and thus improve the reproductive performance.There are different monochromatic light colors from light emitter diode sources conducted on Yangzhou geese-white,Red,Blue and Green.The results indicated that peak laying rates the fertilization rate of eggs and hatchability of fertilized eggs were greater in geese treated with white or red as compared with blue or green light treatments.There was a greater abundance of OPN5,Dio2,c-Fos,and GnRH-I mRNA in the hypothalamus earlier in the treatment period and abundances of these hypothalamic factors were greater with the white or red light treatments.Abundances of pituitary LH beta and FSH beta mRNA increased at a lesser rate with the blue or green light treatments and were in greater abundances with the white or red light treatments.The lighting regimen also resulted in photo-refractoriness with there being greater abundances of GnIH,VIP,and PRL mRNA with the use of white or red light treatments.In conclusion,the light sensitivity and light passivation effect of geese are jointly regulated by GnRH,GnIH and VIP genes in the hypothalamus,as well as the expression changes of FSH,LH,PRL and TSH genes in the pituitary gland.The up-regulation of clock gene in the long illumination stage of Hungarian White geese,especially the up-regulation of Per2 gene,can significantly promote the secretion of LH and improve the reproductive performance.Compared with blue light and green light,white light and red light treatment of yangzhou geese had higher egg production rate,egg fertilization rate and fertilized egg hatching rate.The content of LH and FSH mRNA in pituitary was higher in the white light and red light treatment group.OPN5,Dio2,c-FOS and GnRH-I mRNA contents were higher in the early hypothalamus treated with light,and the content of these hypothalamus factors was higher under white light or red light treatment.